Basics of Biology

What is the basic unit of life?

• Organism

• Cell

• Molecule

• Atom

Describe the function of the cell membrane.

• The cell membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

• The cell membrane stores genetic information.

• The cell membrane provides energy for cellular processes.

• The cell membrane is responsible for protein synthesis.

What organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

• Mitochondria

• Chloroplast

• Nucleus

• Ribosome

Explain the role of DNA in heredity.

• DNA is only responsible for physical traits.

• DNA plays a crucial role in heredity by storing and transmitting genetic information from one generation to the next.

• DNA is solely involved in protein synthesis.

• DNA has no impact on genetic variation.

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

• Genotype refers to the physical appearance; phenotype is the genetic makeup.

• Genotype is the genetic constitution; phenotype is the expressed traits.

• Genotype is the observable characteristics; phenotype is the underlying DNA.

• Genotype is the sum of environmental influences; phenotype is the inherited traits.

Define the term allele.

• A gene is a type of chromosome.

• An allele is a type of protein.

• An allele is a variant form of a gene.

• An allele is a complete set of genes.

What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

• To produce energy for the cell

• To store genetic information

• The function of ribosomes in a cell is to synthesize proteins.

• To transport nutrients within the cell

How do mutations affect genetic traits?

• All mutations result in visible changes to an organism's appearance.

• Mutations can create variations in genetic traits by altering DNA sequences, potentially affecting protein function and trait expression.

• Mutations have no impact on genetic traits or their expression.

• Mutations only cause harmful effects without any benefits.

What is the process of protein synthesis?

• Transcription of RNA to DNA

• The process of protein synthesis involves transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to protein.

• DNA replication to mRNA

• Translation of protein to DNA

Describe the structure of a eukaryotic cell.

• A eukaryotic cell is characterized by a rigid cell wall and no membrane-bound structures.

• A eukaryotic cell has a defined nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and includes structures like the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, and more.

• Eukaryotic cells are always unicellular and do not have organelles.

• A eukaryotic cell lacks a nucleus and has only ribosomes.