The following statements are the role of the atmosphere, EXCEPT:

• Traps heat from the sun.

• Protects the Earth from space rocks.

• Helps the Earth to revolve around the Sun.

• Holds important gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Answer explanation

The atmosphere traps heat, protects from space rocks, and holds gases, but it does not influence the Earth's revolution around the Sun, which is governed by gravitational forces.

Major human activities cause great destructions on Earth’s subsystems. Since energy and matter is cycled within the spheres and being part of the system, these harmful activities bring forth destruction to ourselves in a boomerang effect. One example of this is the Global warming. As a student, what recommendation can you give to solve this problem?

• Report the violators to the United Nations.

• Just ignore and continue your daily routines.

• Be active in advocating change by rallying outside government hall.

• Start the change from yourself by not contributing pollution to the environment.

Answer explanation

Starting change from yourself by reducing personal pollution is crucial. Individual actions collectively lead to significant impact, promoting a healthier environment and combating global warming effectively.

Which of the following refers to the color of the powdered form of a mineral?

• Cleavage

• Color

• Luster

• Streak

Answer explanation

The term 'streak' refers to the color of the powdered form of a mineral, which can differ from the mineral's overall color. This property is useful for identifying minerals, making 'streak' the correct answer.

Which of the following statement is NOT TRUE about minerals and their properties?

• Minerals are the building blocks of rock.

• Minerals are made up of one or more elements.

• Minerals are naturally formed, organic solid with a crystalline structure.

• Minerals are either element or compound substances with a specific chemical composition.

Answer explanation

The statement is NOT TRUE because minerals are inorganic solids, not organic. They have a crystalline structure and can be composed of one or more elements, but they are not formed from living organisms.

In a laboratory, you are given sample of mineral and asked to test the hardness of it using the Moh’s scale. How are you going to effectively assess the hardness of the mineral?

• By just looking at the mineral’s face value.

• By letting the minerals undergo chemical change.

• By starting with the hardest standard and working your way through the softer standard, in order of hardness.

• By starting with the softest standard and working your way through the higher standard, in order of hardness.

Answer explanation

To effectively assess the hardness of the mineral, start with the softest standard and test against it, progressing to harder standards. This method ensures accurate determination of the mineral's hardness according to Moh's scale.

Which of these areas do most sedimentary rocks usually form?

• Volcanoes

• Mountains

• Plain lands

• Bodies of water

Answer explanation

Most sedimentary rocks form in bodies of water where sediments accumulate over time. This environment allows for the layering and compaction of materials, leading to the formation of sedimentary rock.

What type of igneous rock is light-colored and is made mostly of feldspar?

• Mafic

• Felsic

• Ultramafic

• Intermediate

Answer explanation

Felsic igneous rocks are light-colored and primarily composed of feldspar and quartz. This distinguishes them from mafic, ultramafic, and intermediate rocks, which contain more dark minerals and are generally darker in color.

Nowadays, excessive use of rocks are being observed, especially in developing and converting it for industrial use, and the importance of it are ignored and neglected by the people. What awareness can you develop for the Filipino people with regards to the use of different types of rock in the Philippines?

• Continue doing nothing about it.

• Tell all the people the types of rocks they have in their surroundings.

• Start sharing some facts about the different types of rocks and their importance to people, through social media.

• Join in the advocacy of protecting the environment by not using any types of rock, and instead, conserve and preserve them.

Answer explanation

Starting to share facts about different types of rocks and their importance through social media raises awareness and educates the Filipino people, promoting responsible use and conservation of these natural resources.

Which term refers to the breaking down or decomposition of rock into smaller pieces?

• Erosion

• Deposition

• Weathering

• Cementation

Answer explanation

Weathering refers to the process of breaking down or decomposing rock into smaller pieces through physical, chemical, or biological means. This distinguishes it from erosion, which involves the movement of those particles.

Which of the following terms refers to the thickest layer, made mostly of iron, magnesium and silicon, that is dense, hot and semi-solid?

• Core

• Crust

• Lithosphere

• Mantle

Answer explanation

The mantle is the thickest layer of the Earth, composed mainly of iron, magnesium, and silicon. It is dense, hot, and semi-solid, distinguishing it from the core, crust, and lithosphere.