Population Economics IGCSE

Why is the Human Development Index (HDI) a better indicator of comparative living standards than Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per head?

• It includes international trade.

• It includes more measures of living standards.

• It is measured in money terms.

• It is more directly linked to economic growth.

Which contribution to GDP usually decreases first when countries move to a higher level of development?

• agriculture

• construction

• manufacturing

• services

India has a more evenly distributed income than China but a greater proportion of its population living on less than $1 a day. What can be concluded from this statement?

• China has a smaller proportion of very rich people.

• India has a greater proportion of poor people.

• Most of the population of India live on $1 a day.

• The average income in China is higher than that in India

What is likely to happen in a developing country as it becomes more developed?

• A lower percentage of people will go to university.

• Average life expectancy will rise.

• The rate of population growth will increase.

• The tertiary sector will decline in importance

Why may GDP not be a good measure to compare the standard of living of two countries?

• It does not include government expenditure.

• It does not take account of population size.

• It is based on a sample ‘basket of goods’.

• It only compares export prices with import prices.

What is likely to happen as a developing country becomes more developed?

• A higher percentage of children will attend school.

• Infant mortality will rise.

• Life expectancy will fall.

• The agricultural sector will increase in importance.

Many developed countries are faced with an ageing population. What is the likely result of this?

• a reduced dependency ratio

• increased mobility of labour

• increased spending on medical care

• reduced tax levels

What is the main advantage of Volkswagen's policy to locate production in developing countries?

• to access new management techniques

• to make use of better infrastructure

• to sell the car only to customers in developing countries

• to train and employ labour at a lower cost

What is usually a characteristic of a developed country?

• a dependency on primary product exports

• high rates of economic growth

• low levels of productivity

• low rates of population growth

Which change would mean that the US population moves in the opposite direction to that predicted?

• a change from net immigration to net emigration

• the birth rate falling more slowly than the death rate

• the death rate falling below the net immigration rate

• the infant mortality rate decreasing more rapidly than the increase in life expectancy