Summarizing, Text Struc., Purpose, Message, Audience, & Appeal

In recent years, many schools have added mindfulness programs to help students manage stress. Research shows that mindfulness can improve focus, reduce anxiety, and support emotional well-being. However, some critics argue that schools should spend more time on academics instead of wellness programs.

Which of the following best summarizes the central idea of the passage while maintaining accuracy and logical order?

• Schools should remove mindfulness programs and spend more time on academic subjects.

• Mindfulness programs in schools reduce anxiety, but some believe schools should focus more on academics.

• Mindfulness programs help students focus, but critics argue schools don’t spend enough money on them.

• Research shows mindfulness is important, and schools should make it their top priority.

Answer explanation

central idea (benefits of mindfulness + the debate over it)

Tags

CCSS.RI. 9-10.2

CCSS.RI.11-12.2

CCSS.RL.11-12.2

CCSS.RL.8.2

CCSS.RL.9-10.2

The Great Fire of London in 1666 destroyed thousands of homes and left many people homeless. The fire began in a bakery and spread quickly due to wooden buildings and strong winds. In the aftermath, city leaders rebuilt London with wider streets and sturdier, brick houses to prevent such a disaster from happening again.

Which of the following best summarizes the central idea of the passage while maintaining accuracy and logical order?

• The Great Fire of London destroyed homes, but rebuilding efforts made the city stronger and safer.

• The Great Fire of London began in a bakery and spread quickly, leaving thousands homeless.

• After the Great Fire of London, leaders built brick houses and wider streets.

• The Great Fire of London was the most destructive fire in history.

Answer explanation

The correct answer includes both the cause/effects of the fire and the resulting changes in logical order.

Tags

CCSS.RI. 9-10.2

CCSS.RI.11-12.2

CCSS.RI.8.2

CCSS.RL.11-12.2

CCSS.RL.9-10.2

Electric cars are becoming more popular as people search for alternatives to gasoline vehicles. These cars produce fewer emissions and can save drivers money on fuel. Still, challenges remain, such as limited charging stations and high upfront costs.

Which of the following best summarizes the central idea of the passage while maintaining accuracy and logical order?

• Electric cars are expensive, but they save drivers money on gas.

• People like electric cars, but the government has not built enough charging stations.

• Electric cars are the best option for the future and will replace gasoline cars soon.

• Electric cars are gaining popularity because they reduce emissions and save fuel costs, though limited charging and high prices remain challenges.

Answer explanation

The correct answer captures shows the benefits and challenges in logical order.

Tags

CCSS.RI. 9-10.2

CCSS.RI.11-12.2

CCSS.RI.8.2

CCSS.RL.11-12.2

CCSS.RL.9-10.2

After the city implemented strict recycling laws, the amount of waste in landfills decreased dramatically. Businesses started using reusable packaging, and citizens became more conscious of their daily waste habits.

What type of text structure does the author use in the passage?

• Problem & Solution

• Cause & Effect

• Compare & Contrast

• Chronological/Sequence

Answer explanation

The passage shows a cause (the city created strict recycling laws) and the effects (less landfill waste, reusable packaging, and more conscious citizens). This relationship between an action and its results is cause and effect.

Tags

CCSS.RI.11-12.5

CCSS.RI.6.5

CCSS.RI.7.5

CCSS.RI.8.5

CCSS.RI.9-10.5

Unlike dogs, cats often prefer to spend time alone and can be more independent. Dogs, on the other hand, require more attention and regular exercise.

What type of text structure does the author use in the passage?

• Problem & Solution

• Cause & Effect

• Compare & Contrast

• Chronological/Sequence

Answer explanation

The passage shows how cats and dogs are different in their behavior and needs. Words like “unlike” and “on the other hand” signal a comparison of similarities and differences, which is compare and contrast.

Tags

CCSS.RI.11-12.5

CCSS.RI.6.5

CCSS.RI.7.5

CCSS.RI.8.5

CCSS.RI.9-10.5

First, gather all your ingredients. Next, mix the flour and sugar in a bowl. Then, add the eggs and milk, stirring until smooth. Finally, pour the batter into a pan and bake for 30 minutes.

What type of text structure does the author use in the passage?

• Problem & Solution

• Cause & Effect

• Compare & Contrast

• Chronological/Sequence

Answer explanation

The passage presents events in time order, using words like first, next, then, and finally. This shows a Chronological/Sequence structure, describing the steps to complete a process.

Tags

CCSS.RI.11-12.5

CCSS.RI.6.5

CCSS.RI.7.5

CCSS.RI.8.5

CCSS.RI.9-10.5

Many students struggle with completing homework on time. To address this problem, the school started offering after-school tutoring sessions and a digital homework tracker.

What type of text structure does the author use in the passage?

• Problem & Solution

• Cause & Effect

• Compare & Contrast

• Chronological/Sequence

Answer explanation

The passage first identifies a problem (students struggling to complete homework) and then presents a solution (tutoring sessions and homework tracker).

Tags

CCSS.RI.11-12.5

CCSS.RI.6.5

CCSS.RI.7.5

CCSS.RI.8.5

CCSS.RI.9-10.5

Many students struggle with completing homework on time. To address this problem, the school started offering after-school tutoring sessions and a digital homework tracker.

How does the author’s use of a problem-and-solution structure help achieve the purpose of this passage?

• By showing the challenges students face, the author emphasizes why solutions like tutoring are necessary.

• By listing several types of tutoring programs, the author shows which students need the most help.

• By describing the steps to complete homework, the author proves that students can manage it on their own.

• By comparing homework habits of different students, the author shows that all students struggle equally.

Tags

CCSS.RI.11-12.5

CCSS.RI.6.5

CCSS.RI.7.5

CCSS.RI.8.5

CCSS.RI.9-10.5

After the city implemented strict recycling laws, the amount of waste in landfills decreased dramatically. Businesses started using reusable packaging, and citizens became more conscious of their daily waste habits.

How does the author’s use of a cause-and-effect structure help achieve the purpose of this passage?

• By explaining the challenges of recycling, the author convinces readers that laws are unnecessary.

• By comparing cities with and without recycling laws, the author proves that citizens don’t care.

• By showing the effects of the laws, the author highlights the positive impact of recycling policies.

• By listing step-by-step instructions for recycling, the author teaches readers how to comply.

Tags

CCSS.RI.11-12.5

CCSS.RI.6.5

CCSS.RI.7.5

CCSS.RI.8.5

CCSS.RI.9-10.5

Unlike dogs, cats often prefer to spend time alone and can be more independent. Dogs, on the other hand, require more attention and regular exercise.

How does the author’s use of a compare-and-contrast structure help achieve the purpose of this passage?

• By focusing only on cats, the author argues that cats are superior to dogs.

• By listing all types of pets, the author explains which is best for children.

• By showing the similarities between pets, the author encourages adopting more than one animal.

• By comparing cats and dogs, the author helps readers understand the differences in pet care needs.

Tags

CCSS.RI.11-12.5

CCSS.RI.6.5

CCSS.RI.7.5

CCSS.RI.8.5

CCSS.RI.9-10.5