Chapter 8 Study Guide part 1!

Define Gamma gain.

• Muscle spindles sensitive to sudden stretching.

• A measure of blood pressure regulation.

• A type of neurotransmitter in the brain.

• A hormone released during stress.

When a muscle is held in a shortened position, does gamma gain occur?

• Yes.

• No.

• Only during relaxation.

• Only in lengthened position.

Which neuronal loop stimulated alpha and intrafusal fibers of a muscle spindle?

• Alpha loop.

• Gamma loop.

• Beta loop.

• Delta loop.

Which neuronal loop regulates intrafusal fibers?

• Gamma.

• Alpha.

• Beta.

• Delta.

What is reciprocal inhibition?

• Reciprocal inhibition inhibits the antagonist of a contracting muscle.

• Reciprocal inhibition stimulates the agonist muscle to contract harder.

• Reciprocal inhibition causes both agonist and antagonist muscles to contract simultaneously.

• Reciprocal inhibition prevents any muscle contraction from occurring.

Which manual therapy technique reduces gamma gain?

• Functional techniques.

• Muscle energy techniques.

• Myofascial release.

• Positional release.

Bouncing type ballistic stretches can stimulate which reflexes?

• Tonic stretch reflex.

• Flexor withdrawal reflex.

• Inverse stretch reflex.

• Plantar reflex.

What causes trigger points?

• Calcium leaks causing actin and myosin to bind.

• Excessive vitamin D intake.

• Lack of oxygen in the lungs.

• Overproduction of red blood cells.

What causes tender points?

• Localized spasm due to neurologic signals.

• Viral infection of the skin.

• Excessive bone growth.

• Allergic reaction to food.

Characteristics of trigger points:

• Taut band, palpable nodule, compression causes radiating pain.

• Soft tissue swelling, no pain on compression, limited movement only.

• Redness, heat, and swelling at the site.

• Loss of sensation, muscle atrophy, and joint deformity.