Which of the following statements best explains why megaprojects such as the Big Dig in Boston or the California High-Speed Rail project are often controversial in terms of cost, timeline, and public trust?

• They are usually finished early and under budget.

• They often face unexpected technical, financial, and political challenges

• They only benefit a small number of engineers and planners.

• They never require international cooperation.

The Channel Tunnel (Eurotunnel) linking the United Kingdom and France is considered a megaproject because it represents a massive international collaboration that overcame significant engineering challenges.

• True

• False

How might the failure of a megaproject—such as the abandoned Khazar Islands project in Azerbaijan—affect the way people perceive progress and national development?

• It can increase people’s confidence in government spending.

• It may lead to skepticism about leadership, wasted resources, and doubts about whether ambitious visions are realistic.

• It usually guarantees that another larger project will soon succeed.

• It has no impact on public perception.

Sejong City in South Korea was planned as a secondary administrative capital to reduce congestion in Seoul, showing how some megaprojects aim to balance urban growth and decentralize government functions.

• True

• False

Which of the following megaprojects is primarily an infrastructure link designed to connect regions and foster trade across countries?

• NEOM in Saudi Arabia

• Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge

• New Eurasia Land Bridge

• Hambantota Port in Sri Lanka

What makes the Three Gorges Dam in China a controversial megaproject despite its massive contribution to renewable energy generation?

• It was completed without any environmental or social consequences.

• It caused the displacement of millions of people and raised environmental concerns about ecosystems and cultural heritage.

• It failed to produce electricity.

• It was the smallest hydroelectric project ever built.

The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge is considered a significant megaproject because it created one of the world’s longest sea crossings, designed to boost economic integration between major Chinese cities.

• True

• False

When comparing megaprojects across countries, which factor most influences whether they are perceived as successful?

• The number of people employed during construction.

• Whether they are completed within budget, meet their goals, and provide long-term benefits to society.

• Whether the project receives international media attention.

• The amount of money invested, regardless of outcome.

Hambantota Port in Sri Lanka is an example of a megaproject that raised questions about debt dependency and foreign influence, showing how megaprojects can have geopolitical consequences.

• True

• False

In discussions about megaprojects such as NEOM in Saudi Arabia, why is it important to ask whether this shift in approach toward futuristic, highly ambitious urban projects is justified?

• Because it highlights whether innovation and sustainability can truly reshape societies or whether such projects risk becoming expensive failures.

• Because it guarantees that all projects will succeed without challenges.

• Because it prevents people from questioning government decisions.

• Because it proves that every country should immediately adopt similar futuristic cities.