US HISTORY II-CHAPTER 1 REVIEW-INDUSTRIALIZATION

Who invented the telephone in 1876?

• Thomas Edison

• Alexander Graham Bell

• Nikola Tesla

• Samuel Morse

Answer explanation

The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876, making him the correct answer. Thomas Edison, Nikola Tesla, and Samuel Morse were notable inventors but did not invent the telephone.

What was the main purpose of the transcontinental railroad?

• To connect the East and West coasts of the United States

• To transport gold from California

• To provide jobs for immigrants

• To create new cities

Answer explanation

The main purpose of the transcontinental railroad was to connect the East and West coasts of the United States, facilitating trade, travel, and communication across the country.

Which industry was Andrew Carnegie most associated with?

• Oil

• Steel

• Railroads

• Banking

Answer explanation

Andrew Carnegie was most associated with the steel industry, where he played a pivotal role in its expansion during the late 19th century, making him one of the wealthiest individuals of his time.

What is a monopoly?

• A type of labor union

• Complete control of a product or service by one company

• A government agency

• A railroad company

Answer explanation

A monopoly occurs when a single company has complete control over a product or service, eliminating competition. This allows the company to set prices and dictate market conditions, making it distinct from labor unions, government agencies, or specific industries.

What is laissez faire economics?

• Government regulation of business

• Minimal government interference in business

• Government ownership of industry

• Worker control of factories

Answer explanation

Laissez faire economics advocates for minimal government interference in business, allowing free market forces to operate without regulation. This distinguishes it from options like government regulation or ownership.

Which act was passed in 1890 to prevent anti-competitive practices?

• Homestead Act

• Sherman Antitrust Act

• Dawes Act

• Interstate Commerce Act

Answer explanation

The Sherman Antitrust Act, passed in 1890, was designed to combat anti-competitive practices and monopolies, making it the correct answer. The other acts listed focus on different issues.

What was the main goal of labor unions in the late 1800s?

• To increase immigration

• To improve working conditions and wages

• To build more railroads

• To lower tariffs

Answer explanation

The main goal of labor unions in the late 1800s was to improve working conditions and wages for workers, as they faced long hours, unsafe environments, and low pay. This focus on labor rights was crucial during that period.

Which of the following best describes vertical integration?

• Buying out competitors

• Controlling all aspects of production from raw materials to finished product

• Forming a labor union

• Selling shares of stock

Answer explanation

Vertical integration refers to controlling all aspects of production, from raw materials to the finished product. This strategy allows a company to streamline operations and reduce costs, unlike buying competitors or forming unions.

Who was known as the "Commodore" and made his fortune in railroads?

• Andrew Carnegie

• Cornelius Vanderbilt

• J.P. Morgan

• John D. Rockefeller

Answer explanation

Cornelius Vanderbilt was known as the "Commodore" due to his success in the shipping and railroad industries, making him a key figure in the development of America's transportation infrastructure.

Who was Mary Harris "Mother" Jones?

• A famous inventor

• A labor leader and activist who fought for workers' rights

• A railroad executive

• A steel company owner

Answer explanation

Mary Harris "Mother" Jones was a prominent labor leader and activist known for her efforts in advocating for workers' rights, particularly in the early 20th century, making her a key figure in the labor movement.