Rock Classification for Grade 11

What are the two main types of igneous rocks?

• Volcanic and plutonic rocks

• Granite and basalt rocks

• Intrusive and extrusive rocks

• Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks

Describe the process of magma cooling and solidification.

• Magma cools and solidifies into igneous rock through gradual cooling and crystallization of minerals.

• Magma evaporates into gas and forms clouds.

• Magma solidifies instantly into sedimentary rock.

• Magma cools by being exposed to sunlight and air.

What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?

• Intrusive rocks have larger crystals due to slow cooling, while extrusive rocks have smaller crystals due to rapid cooling.

• Both intrusive and extrusive rocks have the same crystal size regardless of cooling rate.

• Extrusive rocks have larger crystals due to slow cooling, while intrusive rocks have smaller crystals due to rapid cooling.

• Intrusive rocks are formed from lava, while extrusive rocks are formed from magma.

Name three common examples of sedimentary rocks.

• sandstone, limestone, shale

• granite

• marble

• basalt

What are clastic sedimentary rocks and how do they form?

• Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed from the evaporation of water.

• Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed from volcanic activity.

• Clastic sedimentary rocks are created by the solidification of magma.

• Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and lithification of rock fragments and minerals.

Explain the role of water in the formation of sedimentary rocks.

• Water is only involved in the erosion of rocks.

• Water is essential for weathering, transporting, and depositing sediments, leading to the formation of sedimentary rocks.

• Water is primarily responsible for the formation of igneous rocks.

• Water has no impact on sediment transport.

What is lithification in the context of sedimentary rocks?

• The process of eroding sedimentary rocks into smaller particles.

• The formation of igneous rocks from molten magma.

• Lithification is the process of turning sediments into sedimentary rock through compaction and cementation.

• The process of weathering rocks into sediments.

Identify the three main types of metamorphic rocks.

• Igneous

• Sedimentary

• Basalt

• Foliated, Non-foliated, Granulite

What processes lead to the formation of metamorphic rocks?

• Metamorphic rocks are formed by heat and pressure on existing rocks.

• Metamorphic rocks are formed by erosion of existing rocks.

• Metamorphic rocks are created from sediment deposition.

• Metamorphic rocks are formed by cooling lava.

How does heat affect the mineral composition of rocks during metamorphism?

• Heat causes rocks to melt completely, losing all mineral composition.

• Heat has no effect on the mineral composition of rocks during metamorphism.

• Heat only affects the color of the rocks without changing their mineral structure.

• Heat causes recrystallization of minerals, leading to new mineral formation and changes in rock composition during metamorphism.