8/22 Bellwork

During the Crusades, European Christians invaded areas that were primarily controlled by whom?

• Buddhists

• Muslims

• Jews

• Christians

During the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar (a country in the Middle East), officials banned fans of the England team from dressing up as crusaders. Which of the following most likely explains why these outfits would be especially controversial for when the World Cup was taking place in Qatar?

• Crusader outfits are controversial due to their historical association with conflicts between Christians and Muslims.
• Crusader outfits symbolize peace and unity between cultures.
• Crusader outfits have no historical significance in the Middle East.
• Crusader outfits are popular among football fans in all countries.

Which of the following are ways in which the Crusades led to the Renaissance? (Select all that apply)

• The Crusades focused solely on military conquest, which meant it only led to advancements in military technology.

• The Crusades led to an increase in trade between societies, which sparked economic growth.

• The Crusades led to a decline in trade and cultural exchange.
• The Crusades facilitated cultural exchange, which sparked a period of intellectual activity (research, learning, thinking) and advancements in Europe.

In this city, you can find the statue David, sculpted by Michelangelo. This city is in the region of Tuscany in Italy. This city was the birthplace of the Renaissance in Europe.

• Florence
• Rome
• Venice
• Milan

With the need for maintenance and construction of church buildings like St. Peter's Basilica, the Church sold indulgences. What were indulgences?

• Indulgences were grants that promised to forgive people for their sins.

• Indulgences were churches that broke away from the Catholic Church

• Indulgences were wars that took place in the Holy Land.

• Indulgences were special ceremonies held to celebrate church events.

Why did Christianity in Europe split into different denominations during the 1500s (16th century)?

• The invention of the printing press made all religions equally popular.
• Christianity split due to the rise of atheism in Europe.
• The discovery of the New World led to a decline in religious beliefs.
• Christianity split into different denominations due to the Reformation, in which some people questioned or disagreed with the authority of the Roman Catholic Church.

Which of the following was mass-produced and widely distributed by the printing press, leading to a growing movement amongst some church leaders against the sale of indulgences?

• The Grapes of Wrath

• The Torah

• The 95 Theses

• The Analects

Answer explanation

Martin Luther wrote the 95 Theses, and convinced many Christians (including some other church leaders) to oppose the sale of indulgences.

Which of the following were examples from the Renaissance of people questioning or challenging traditional beliefs and powerful institutions, such as the Catholic Church? (Select all that apply)

• Scientists determining and claiming that the Sun is the center of the Solar System.

• People protesting against the sale of indulgences

• People developing their own perspective of the Bible's text, as they read the Bible themselves for the first time because it was written in the vernacular.

• People agreeing with everything that the Church is doing/saying

Galileo was convicted and sentenced to house arrest for having supported which idea?

• The law of universal gravitation.
• The geocentric model.
• The theory of evolution.
• The heliocentric model.

Answer explanation

He avoided torture by recanting (taking back) his statements, but he was still sentenced to house arrest for previously saying that Copernicus was right about the Sun being the center of the Solar System.

What is the name of the movement in which people began to call for changes in the Church during the 1500s?

• Crusades

• Protestant Reformation
• Monotheism

• Eastern Orthodox Schism