AP Biology Module 2: Cell Structure and Function Review

Mitochondria are vital to cells by carrying out which of the following functions?

• Eliminating waste

• Generating ATP

• Manufacturing proteins

• Replicating DNA

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

Ribosomes are important for cellular function by carrying out which of the following processes?

• Capturing solar energy

• Metabolizing sugars

• Storing waste products

• Synthesizing proteins

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum carries out which of the following functions in the cell?

• Detoxifying poisons

• Digesting waste products

• Manufacturing ribosomes

• Producing energy

Which of the following best explains how subcellular organelles interact to form polypeptides?

• Lysosomes catalyze chemical reactions that join amino acids on the endoplasmic reticulum.

• Mitochondria produce ATP that is used by ribosomes for transcription and translation in the nucleus.

• Messenger RNA is synthesized from DNA in the nucleus and then goes to the cytoplasm, where a ribosome translates it.

• Ribosomes translate rRNA into proteins on the endoplasmic reticulum and send them to the Golgi complex for processing.

Which of the following best describes an example of how materials are transported throughout the cell to different subcellular organelles?

• Enzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum modify proteins and transfer them to the cytosol to be used by the cell.

• Lysosomes transfer enzymes to the mitochondrial matrix to be used during cellular respiration.

• Ribosomes carry genetic information from the nucleus to the cytosol to undergo transcription and translation.

• Vesicles carry proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus for processing before being used by the cell.

What would be the most likely outcome if the lysosomes of a human cell stopped functioning?

• A) Protein synthesis would stop.

• B) Protein transfer would stop.

• C) Ribosomal RNA synthesis would stop.

• D) Waste would build up in the cell.

Which of the following accurately describes a subcellular organelle that functions in providing energy for the cell?

• Chloroplasts are divided into an intermembrane space that contains thylakoids and the stroma, which contains chloroplast DNA, enzymes, and ribosomes.

• Cristae divide mitochondria into the intermembrane space and the mitochondrial matrix, which contains mitochondrial DNA, enzymes, and ribosomes.

• Nuclei consist of a nucleolus, proteins, and DNA, which interact to synthesize rRNA via transcription and translation.

• Ribosomes consist of proteins and two rRNA subunits, which are synthesized and joined in the nucleolus.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

A botanist who was studying a new plant ground up some of the leaf cells, then centrifuged the mixture. The organelles became fractionated such that the heavier fractions could produce ATP in the light, and the organelles in the light fraction could produce ATP in the dark. What do the lighter fractions most likely contain?

• The fractions contained more centrioles.

• The lighter fractions producing less ATP contained more chloroplasts.

• The lighter fractions contained more mitochondria.

• The heavier fractions producing less ATP contained more peroxisomes.

Answer explanation

If you missed any of the previous questions in this section, review module 02.01

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

The dimensions of four different cells are measured, and their surface area and volumes are recorded in the table below. Based on this information, which cell do you predict would be able to obtain nutrients through diffusion most quickly?

• Cell A

• Cell B

• Cell C

• Cell D

A protist has a surface area-to-volume ratio of 5:1. A human intestinal cell has a surface area-to-volume ratio of 2:1. Which of the following statements is true?

• The intestinal cell is more efficient at expelling wastes because it has a high surface-area-to-volume ratio.

• The protist is more efficient at expelling wastes because it has a higher surface-area-to-volume ratio.

• The intestinal cell is more efficient at procuring nutrients because it has a lower surface area-to-volume ratio.

• The protist is more efficient at procuring nutrients because it has a lower surface-area-to-volume ratio.