Grade 8 -W5

Ohm's Law describes the relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R). If you have a circuit with V = 9V and R = 3 ohms, what is the current (I)

• 27 A

• 3 A

• 12 A

• 6 A

Why is resistance important in an electrical circuit, like in our robot arm project? Use the sports analogy

• It controls the current to prevent overload

• It increases current flow, like a runner sprinting without limits

• It has no role, as current should flow fully for maximum power

• It only affects voltage, not current or components.

How do sensors convert physical changes into electrical signals, as seen in real applications like automatic mall doors

• By directly powering motors without any conversion

• By only detecting color, ignoring other physical inputs

• By changing resistance or voltage based on stimuli like heat or light, which a controller uses to trigger actions like opening doors

• By using mechanical parts instead of electrical ones

What is a key difference between a servo motor and a DC motor in terms of movement control?

• Servo motors cannot be powered in circuits with multiple units

• Both motors hold positions equally without extra signals.

• DC motors use PWM for angles, while servos only spin

• Servo motors move to precise angles and hold positions using PWM, while DC motors spin continuously without built-in precision.

Why does a color sensor, like the TCS3200, require calibration before use in the robot arm?

• To convert it into a DC motor.

• To change its physical size for better fitting in the circuit

• To adjust for lighting and set reference values for accurate RGB detection

• To eliminate the need for PWM signals.

What is the role of the library <servo.h> in Arduino coding for controlling multiple servo motors?

• It calibrates the color sensor without code

• It simplifies sending PWM signals to set precise angles

• It defines all pins as inputs only

In Arduino, what is the difference between input (I/P) pins and output (O/P) pins, as used in our project?

• Output pins calibrate sensors automatically

• Input pins use PWM, while output pins do not.

• Input pins receive signals , while output pins send signals

What makes PWM pins special on an Arduino, and how are they used in the robot arm?

• hey send variable pulses to control servo angles precisely

• They only work as inputs for frequency scaling

• They eliminate the need for resistance in circuits

In the color sensor code, why are pins like S0, S1, S2, and S3 defined as outputs, while the OUT pin is an input?

• Outputs are for calibration only, not configuration.

• The Arduino sends instructions to configure the sensor

• All pins are outputs to detect colors directly

If your robot arm’s servo isn’t moving despite correct code, what is the most likely connection or troubleshooting issue to check first?

• Verify the Arduino is unplugged to avoid short circuits

• Check if the color sensor is calibrated, as it controls all movements

• Ensure the servo’s signal wire is connected to a PWM pin