It is the process of bringing together various subsystems or components into a single, cohesive system that functions as a whole.

An architectural style where a software application is built as a single, unified unit.

An integration method where each subsystem connects directly to every other subsystem, often referred to as "spaghetti integration."

A lightweight messaging protocol often used in IoT applications due to its publish/subscribe model.

The conceptual model that defines the structure, behavior, and more views of a system.

He published the article "A Framework for Information Technology Architecture" in 1978, which later became known as the Zachman Framework.

Software that acts as an intermediary between different applications or components, facilitating communication and data exchange.

A design paradigm where software components (services) provide distinct functionalities and communicate over a network.

This type of architecture specifies how data is stored, managed, integrated, and used across systems.

The phase of the System Integration Life Cycle where the system becomes operational, users are trained, and data is converted.