While preparing a server for maintenance, you need to see the kernel version and machine architecture in one line. Which command should you run?

• head -n1 /etc/issue

• uname -a

• whoami

• mount

You sat at a lab PC and want to confirm the exact Linux distribution (e.g., Ubuntu 22.04 LTS). Which command prints that information from the system banner?

• date

• head -n1 /etc/issue

• uptime

• man issue

After plugging in a USB drive, you need to verify that the filesystem is attached to the OS. Which command lists all mounted filesystems?

• ls -al

• mount

• pwd

• find / -name usb

Before scheduling cron jobs, you want to verify the server’s clock. Which command shows the current system date and time?

• date

• uptime

• whoami

• watch -n 5 "date"

You are evaluating server stability and want to know how long it has been running since last boot. Which command do you use?

• uptime

• ps

• tail -F /var/log/syslog

• df -h

You switched users via su and want to confirm your current identity before editing files. Which command prints the active username?

• id -u

• whoami

• users

• groups

Inside a deeply nested directory, you need to display your full path before running a script with relative paths. Which command helps?

• pwd

• cd ..

• ls -lt

• whereis .

You’re organizing coursework and must create a new directory named projects. Which command accomplishes this?

• touch projects

• mkdir projects

• mv projects /data

• cp -r projects ~/backup

You want to list files including hidden ones and show permissions, sizes, and timestamps in one long listing. Which command suits this?

• ls -t

• ls -S

• ls -al

• ls

A service is spewing logs and you need to follow new lines as they’re written. Which command should you use?

• head -n 10 logfile

• tail -F logfile

• cat logfile

• less logfile