• The oldest part of and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull, is responsible for automatic survival functions.

• Brainstem

• Medulla

• Reticular formation 

• Reward center 

• The base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing. 

• Brainstem

• Medulla

• Reticular formation 

• Reward center 

• A nerve network that travels through the brainstem into the thalamus and plays an important role in controlling arousal.

• Brainstem

• Medulla

• Reticular formation 

• Reward center 

• A brain center that provides pleasurable rewards

• Brainstem

• Medulla

• Reticular formation 

• Reward center 

• The “little brain” at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input, coordinating movement output and balance, and enabling nonverbal learning and memory. 

• Cerebellum

• Limbic system 

• Thalamus

• Hypothalamus

• Neural system (including the amygdala, hypothalamus, and hippocampus) located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives.

• Cerebellum

• Limbic system 

• Thalamus

• Hypothalamus

• The brain’s sensory control center, located on top of the brainstem, it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla.

• Cerebellum

• Limbic system 

• Thalamus

• Hypothalamus

• A neural structure lying below (hypo) the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward.

• Cerebellum

• Limbic system 

• Thalamus

• Hypothalamus

• A neural center located in the limbic system; helps process for storage explicit (conscious) memories of facts and events.

• Hippocampus

• Amygdala

• Corpus callosum

• Occipital lobes

• Two lima-bean-sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion.

• Hippocampus

• Amygdala

• Corpus callosum

• Occipital lobes