Gilded Age Review

Which was an important benefit of the laissez-faire policies of the federal government in the late nineteenth century?

• American entrepreneurs were able to create large amounts of wealth

• American businesses were able to avoid the ups and downs of the business cycle

• American workers found it easy to organize into labor unions

• American workers felt secure about the safety conditions in factories.

Which statement describes how the Transcontinental Railroad affected the United States during the late 1800s?

• The railroad contributed to the rapid settlement and growth of towns in the West.

• The railroad caused a rapid decline in agriculture and mining in the West.

• The railroad contributed to population growth and increased sharecropping in the East.

• The railroad prompted Congress to buy land and create national parks in the East.

What is nativism?

• Nativism advocates for open borders and immigration.
• Nativism is a cultural movement that celebrates diversity.
• Nativism is a political and social philosophy that prioritizes the interests of native inhabitants over immigrants.
• Nativism is a philosophy that promotes global citizenship.

This list describes selected features of the Homestead Act of 1862. • Adult citizens were granted 160 acres of public land. • People claiming the land were required to improve the land by building a home and farming the land. • After 5 years on the land, the person claiming the land paid a registration fee and officially owned the land. What was one effect of the act described in this list, and how was it achieved?

• The population of settlers in the American West increased

• The debt of the federal government increased through the discovery of precious metals

• The number of conflicts with American Indians decreased because of the availability of buffalo

• The demand for natural resources decreased because of a decrease in agricultural production

Which group of people most likely inspired the creation of this cartoon?

• A. Union Leaders

• B. Political Machines

• C. Philanthropists

• D. Nativists

During the late 1800s, what was a major effect of industrialization on American workers?

• Membership in labor unions declined.

• Workers migrated to rural regions.

• Most factory jobs became service industry jobs.

• Skilled craftsmen were often replaced by unskilled machine operators.

As social conditions become more equal, the number of persons increases who, although they are neither rich enough nor powerful enough to exercise any great influence over their fellow-creatures, have nevertheless acquired or retained sufficient education and fortune to satisfy their own wants. They owe nothing to any man, they expect nothing from any; they acquire the habit of always considering themselves as standing alone, and they are apt to imagine that their whole destiny is in their own hands. Thus not only does democracy make every man forget his ancestors, but it hides his descendants, and separates his contemporaries from him; it throws him back forever upon himself alone, and threatens in the end to confine him entirely within the solitude of his own heart.

• Individualism

• Populism

• Liberty

• Laissez-faire

In the late nineteenth century, critics of big business claimed that monopolies in the United States harmed the economy by -

• A. Unfairly limited competition

• B. Decreasing the urban growth rate

• C. Preventing technological innovation

• D. Failing to keep pace with European industries

Which statement best explains how the application of electricity in the early 1900s affected the development of the US economy?

• Long-distance travel became more expensive.

• Manufacturing processes became more efficient.

• College education became more accessible.

• Household appliance became more costly.

Which Andrew Carnegie quotation best explains why he funded libraries like the one in this photograph?

• Under the law of competition, the employer of thousands is forced into the strictest economies, ... and often there is friction between the employer and the employed, between capital and labor, between rich and poor.

• The price which society pays for the law of competition, like the price it pays for cheap comforts and luxuries, is ... great.

• The best means of benefiting the community is to place within its reach the ladders upon which the aspiring can rise.

• This, then, is ... the duty of the man of wealth: To set an example of modest, unostentatious living, shunning display of extravagance.