APES Unit 1 Progress Check

The diagram below shows a simplified nitrogen cycle.Which of the following processes is illustrated by the downward arrows from the atmosphere that show the conversion of nitrogen gas into usable forms available to producers?

• Nitrogen assimilation
• Nitrogen fixation
• Photosynthesis
• Weathering

The diagram below shows a simplified nitrogen cycle.Which of the following types of organisms are required to complete the nitrogen cycle, including the process of denitrification?

• Producers
• Consumers
• Fungi
• Bacteria

The diagram below shows a simplified nitrogen cycle.The majority of the nitrogen on Earth can be found in which of the following reservoirs?

• Terrestrial plants
• Soil bacteria
• The atmosphere
• Sedimentary rock

The diagram below shows the hydrologic cycle. Which of the following best identifies a key component of the hydrologic cycle that powers the movement of water and is missing from the diagram?

• Terrestrial animals
• The Sun
• Bacteria
• Volcanoes

The diagram below shows the hydrologic cycle. Which of the following major reservoirs of freshwater are missing from the diagram?

• Fossil fuels
• Rocks
• Ice caps
• Algae

The diagram below shows a particular marine food web. Which of the following best describes what is represented by the arrows in the food web?

• The photosynthetic rates of producers
• The flow of energy
• The movement of predators
• The decomposition of matter

The diagram below shows a particular marine food web. Which trophic level has the least available energy in kilojoules in this food web?

• Phytoplankton
• Herbivorous zooplankton
• Baleen whale
• Killer whale

The diagram below shows a particular marine food web. Based on the second law of thermodynamics, how much biomass of phytoplankton would be needed to produce 1 kilogram (kg) of large fish in this food web?

• 1g
• 10g
• 100kg
• 1000kg

Six white-tailed deer and six sika deer were enclosed in a pasture for observation during an eight-year study in central Texas. White-tailed deer are a native species to central Texas, while sika deer are a nonnative species to central Texas. White-tailed deer feed on flowering plants and the tips of trees and shrubs but do not eat grass. Sika deer feed on flowering plants, the tips of trees and shrubs, and grass. All other grazing animals were kept out of the pasture during the study. The number of sika deer more than doubled after the eight years, while the population of white-tailed deer decreased by 50 percent. Which of the following statements best supports the results from the study?

• The sika deer are generalists, while the white-tailed deer are specialists.
• The sika deer out competed the white-tailed deer in consuming flowering plants and shrubs.
• Parasites infected the sika deer population but did not infect the white-tailed deer population.
• Change in the local climate reduced the availability of food resources for the white-tailed deer population.

In reef ecosystems, corals often have microalgae living inside them. The algae supply the corals with nutrients, and the coral give shelter to the algae. Which of the following interactions best describes the relationship between the corals and the algae?

• Competition
• Predation
• Mutualism
• Parasitism