What is a "lavaka" in Madagascar?

• A type of tree found in Madagascar.

• A traditional Malagasy dwelling.

• Erosional gullies caused by deforestation.

• A unique species of lemur.

Which of the following best describes how Earth's landscapes change?

• Landscapes are permanent and do not change.

• Landscapes only change slowly over millions of years.

• Landscapes only change rapidly due to sudden events.

• Landscapes can change both slowly over long periods and rapidly due to sudden events.

What is the primary focus of physical geography?

• Studying human populations and their cultures.

• Recognizing environmental characteristics and the processes that create, modify, and destroy environments.

• Analyzing economic systems and trade routes.

• Examining political boundaries and international relations.

Which of the following is NOT one of the four major Earth systems discussed in physical geography?

• Atmosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Technosphere

• Lithosphere

The limestone foundation of the Great Barrier Reef, formed by coral skeletons, is primarily part of which Earth system?

• Atmosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Lithosphere

• Biosphere

Who were among the earliest known groups to have knowledge of or settle Iceland?

• Greek explorers and Irish hermits

• Roman traders and Celtic monks

• Viking raiders and Scottish fishermen

• Phoenician sailors and Anglo-Saxon missionaries

What geological feature is primarily responsible for Iceland's unique topography and ongoing growth?

• The collision of continental plates

• The Mid-Atlantic Ridge

• Extensive glacial erosion

• Ancient meteorite impacts

What type of soil is most common in Iceland, and what human activities have led to its erosion?

• Loam; excessive farming and urbanization

• Clay; industrial pollution and mining

• Andisols; deforestation and overgrazing

• Silt; dam construction and river diversion

How does Iceland primarily generate its electricity, utilizing its natural water resources?

• Through wind turbines and solar panels

• By burning fossil fuels from offshore drilling

• Using hydropower from moving water

• From geothermal energy extracted from hot springs

What ocean current significantly influences Iceland's climate, leading to relatively mild winters despite its northern location?

• The Labrador Current

• The Gulf Stream

• The North Atlantic Drift Current

• The Canary Current