L4 PHILOSOPHICALLY CORRECT

What was the Enlightenment period mainly about?

• A movement focused on religious revival and faith.
• A time when thinkers questioned traditional government ideas.
• A period of great artistic and musical achievements.
• A series of wars that changed Europe's borders.

Which statement best analyzes the core difference in Hobbes' and Locke's views on human nature in their 'state of nature'?

• Hobbes saw humans as self-interested and fearful, while Locke saw them as having inherent rights.
• Hobbes believed humans were naturally evil, while Locke believed they were good.
• Hobbes focused on the importance of property, while Locke focused on power.
• Hobbes thought humans were naturally social, while Locke thought they were solitary.

How did Thomas Hobbes describe human life in a 'state of nature' before governments existed?

• As peaceful and cooperative among people.
• As solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.
• As a time focused on creating art and literature.
• As being governed by strong, fair natural laws.

Based on John Locke's ideas, which of these would a government be most responsible for protecting?

• A person's right to own land and be safe.
• The leader's right to make all decisions.
• The government's right to take property for public use.
• The right of the strongest to rule others.

The Declaration of Independence states governments get their power 'from the consent of the governed.' Which philosopher’s idea does this phrase most critically build upon, and why?

• Hobbes, because he believed people should give power to a strong leader.
• Locke, because he argued that government power comes from the ongoing agreement of the people.
• Montesquieu, because he divided government power into different parts.
• Rousseau, because he said the majority should always rule.

The Declaration of Independence states that if any form of government becomes destructive, 'it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it.' Which philosopher’s idea is this statement most directly linked to?

• Montesquieu's idea of separating powers.
• Thomas Hobbes' idea of an ultimate sovereign.
• John Locke's idea that people can overthrow a tyrannical leader.
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau's idea of majority rule.

What idea did Montesquieu propose to best protect liberty and prevent a government from becoming tyrannical?

• Dividing government power among different branches.
• A single, powerful ruler.
• A system where leaders can change laws easily.
• Giving all power directly to the people.

In the U.S. government, the President can veto a law passed by Congress. Which Enlightenment philosopher's idea does this action best reflect?

• Montesquieu
• John Locke
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau
• Thomas Hobbes

A town votes for a new law that helps many people, but it also takes away a small right from a small group. Based on Rousseau's ideas, what would be the best judgment of this law?

• It is perfectly fair because the majority voted for it.
• It is wrong because the majority must protect minority rights.
• It is only fair if the minority agrees to lose their right.
• It is acceptable as long as the majority benefits the most.

According to Jean-Jacques Rousseau, what important principle should guide a government based on the will of the majority?

• Only the majority's views should be seriously considered.
• The majority must also protect the rights of the minority.
• The strongest leader should always make the final decisions.
• Everyone must give up all their rights to the government.