Introduction to Chemical Bonding

Why do atoms form chemical bonds?

• To increase potential energy and decrease stability

• To decrease potential energy and increase stability

• To increase their size

• To become radioactive

Which of the following best explains the relationship between potential energy and stability in atoms forming bonds?

• Atoms form bonds to increase both potential energy and stability

• Atoms form bonds to decrease potential energy and increase stability

• Atoms form bonds to decrease both potential energy and stability

• Atoms form bonds to increase potential energy and decrease stability

Why do polar covalent bonds create partially charged poles?

• Because electrons are transferred completely

• Because electrons are shared equally

• Because of an unequal attraction for shared electrons

• Because atoms lose electrons

Which type of bond involves bonding electrons being shared equally between two atoms, resulting in no charges on the atoms?

• Nonpolar covalent bond

• Polar covalent bond

• Ionic bond

• Metallic bond

A student observes a compound where one atom has a full positive charge and the other has a full negative charge. What type of bond is most likely present?

• Nonpolar covalent bond

• Polar covalent bond

• Ionic bond

• Metallic bond

What does the diagram of HCl represent in terms of electronegativity?

• Both atoms share electrons equally

• Hydrogen attracts electrons more than chlorine

• Chlorine attracts electrons more than hydrogen, making it δ-

• There is no difference in electronegativity between H and Cl

If you are given two atoms, one with a much higher electronegativity than the other, what can you predict about the type of ions they will form in an ionic bond?

• The higher electronegative atom will form a cation, and the lower will form an anion

• Both atoms will form cations

• The higher electronegative atom will form an anion, and the lower will form a cation

• Both atoms will form anions

Which element has the highest electronegativity value in the table?

• Oxygen (O)

• Fluorine (F)

• Chlorine (Cl)

• Nitrogen (N)

Based on the table, which pair of elements would likely form the most polar bond?

• Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl)

• Hydrogen (H) and Carbon (C)

• Magnesium (Mg) and Calcium (Ca)

• Nitrogen (N) and Oxygen (O)

Explain how you would use the electronegativity values from the table to predict whether a bond between two elements is ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent.

• By comparing their atomic numbers

• By subtracting their electronegativity values and using the difference to classify the bond

• By adding their electronegativity values

• By looking at their position in the periodic table only