US2.3 Urbanization and Immigration Study Cards

What was the main cause of rapid urbanization in the late 19th century?

• Expansion of farming

• Growth of factories and industrial jobs

• Decline in immigration

• End of slavery

Which groups fueled city growth during this period?

• Farmers and slaves

• Rural migrants and immigrants

• Politicians and soldiers

• Wealthy landowners

What were tenements?

• Luxury housing for immigrants

• Overcrowded, poorly built apartments

• Farmhouses on the city edge

• Government buildings for new arrivals

Why were tenements dangerous?

• They were too far from jobs

• They lacked sanitation, light, and ventilation

• They had high rent prices only the rich could afford

• They were built underground

What was a common health risk in crowded cities?

• Obesity

• Infectious diseases like cholera

• Lack of exercise

• Sunburns from too much outdoor work

Why did city governments struggle in the late 1800s?

• Too few workers

• Overwhelmed by garbage, clean water, and safety needs

• Opposition from factory owners

• Lack of funding from farmers

What positive feature did immigrants bring to cities?

• New foods, languages, and traditions

• Strict limits on cultural diversity

• Opposition to new ideas

• Lack of new cultural influences

Why did many families endure hardships in the cities?

• They hoped education and work could bring upward mobility

• They enjoyed living in tenements

• They were forced to stay by the government

• They had no access to jobs of any kind

Who often worked long hours in unsafe city jobs for less pay?

• Only wealthy men

• Children and women

• Politicians

• Retired farmers

Which of the following BEST describes cities during this period?

• Engines of growth but also centers of overcrowding and inequality

• Safe, wealthy communities with strong services

• Military zones with strict control

• Empty, rural-like spaces with little diversity