PSY 337 - Chapter 9

Hart and Risley (1995) found that:

• Language development was directly correlated with IQ

• Parent-child interaction predicted vocabulary growth in children

• Social interaction with peers increased writing ability in teens

• None of the above

Madsen, Becker, and Thomas (1968) investigated reinforcement schedules with misbehaving children and found that:

• Children misbehaved to get attention from the other students

• Criticizing their inappropriate behavior corrected their misbehavior

• Praising their good behavior increased the frequency of that behavior

• Praising their good behavior decreased the frequency of that behavior

Skinner had an interesting belief regarding errors and learning. What was it?

• He believed that errors inhibited learning

• Skinner believed that we learned the most from making mistakes

• He believed that errors were unimportant unless made with high confidence

• He believed that we learned equally well from mistakes and being correct

Lovaas and Simmons (1969) investigated whether punishment could stop self-injury. The main results were that:

• Repeated intense shocks were needed to stop the self-injury

• Only a few shocks were necessary to severely reduce the self-injury

• The shocks were ineffective at altering the child's behavior

• The shocks increased the frequency of the child's self-injuring behavior

A child starts screaming inside the store. Which represents Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible behavior?

• Spanking the child to cause humiliation

• Giving the child a cookie

• Asking the child to sing his or her favorite song

• Yelling at the child

According to Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy:

• Visualizing movements is just as effective as physically performing them

• Placing a person in constraints (e.g., strait jacket) can aid depression

• Therapy of the body can be as effective as therapy of the mind

• Forcing engagement in motor tasks with a weakened limb improves functioning

Imagine I want to exercise more. Based on Austin et al., (1996), which of the following would be a good idea?

• I should promise myself a reward for exercising

• I should rate each workout session in terms of overall effectiveness

• I should take a vacation

• Both Blue and Teal are correct

Based on the results of Tarpley and Schroeder (1979), children who engage in self-injury:

• Cannot be stopped via DRI

• Can be distracted with incompatible behaviors that reduce self-injury

• Can only be stopped with shock and other forms of punishment

• Can be distracted and eventually forget about engaging in the self-injury

Based on Skinner's belief regarding errors and learning, which of the following is true?

• He would recommend never to guess on a quiz question

• He would recommend that students guess on quiz questions

• He would always recommend summarizing passages over rereading them

• He would encourage humans to make mistakes, but not animals

If I have a particularly loud neighbor, one way that I might get my neighbor to be quieter is to:

• Punish my neighbor by playing my music even louder

• Punish my neighbor by chastising him and calling the police

• Reinforce any times when my neighbor is quiet with praise

• Negatively reinforce loud outbursts from my neighbor