Hypersensitivity Objectives

Hypersensitivity reactions are linked to mortality because they:

• Always resolve spontaneously

• Can progress to life-threatening anaphylaxis

• Only cause mild rashes

• Never affect vital organs

Liability for pharmacists regarding hypersensitivity is primarily due to:

• Counseling errors and failure to recognize allergies

• Patient noncompliance

• Drug cost

• Insurance coverage

The physiology of hypersensitivity reactions involves:

• Only renal function

• An exaggerated immune response to an antigen

• Suppression of immune signaling

• Inactivation of lymphocytes

The etiology of hypersensitivity reactions generally includes:

• Drug interactions only

• Genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and drug exposure

• Poor nutrition alone

• Mechanical trauma

Dose-related adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are typically:

• Predictable and related to pharmacology

• Unpredictable and unrelated to dose

• Caused by contamination

• Not clinically significant

Non–dose-related ADRs are:

• Predictable based on drug concentration

• Unpredictable and often immune-mediated

• Avoidable by reducing the dose

• Always mild

Type I hypersensitivity is mediated by:

• T lymphocytes

• IgE antibodies

• Complement only

• Neutrophils

Which is an example of Type II hypersensitivity?

• Hemolytic anemia due to penicillin

• Serum sickness

• Contact dermatitis

• Anaphylaxis from peanuts

Type III hypersensitivity involves:

• IgE binding to mast cells

• Immune complex deposition

• Direct T-cell cytotoxicity

• NK cell activation

Type IV hypersensitivity is primarily mediated by:

• T-cells

• IgM antibodies

• IgE antibodies

• Basophils