Identify two organisms that compete for the same food source.

Crab and Sea Snail (both eat Seaweed); Lobster and Herring Gull (both eat Crab)

Crab and Herring Gull (one eats Seaweed, one eats Crab); Lobster and Sea Snail (one eats Crab, one eats Seaweed)

Sea Snail and Herring Gull (one eats Seaweed, one eats Crab); Crab and Lobster (one eats Seaweed, one eats Crab)

Lobster and Sea Snail (one eats Crab, one eats Seaweed); Crab and Herring Gull (one eats Seaweed, one eats Crab)

Describe the process of primary productivity.

Primary productivity is the rate of the process by which primary producers, such as plants and algae, convert sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis, forming the base of the food web.

Primary productivity is the rate of the process by which animals convert chemical energy into sunlight through respiration, forming the top of the food web.

Primary productivity is the rate of process by which decomposers break down organic matter into sunlight, forming the base of the food web.

Primary productivity is the rate of process by which fungi convert sunlight into chemical energy through fermentation, forming the base of the food web.

Describe one short-term, direct effect that overharvesting crabs would have on the food web shown above.

A short-term, direct effect would be an increase in the population of sea snails and limpets, as there would be fewer crabs to eat them.

A short-term, direct effect would be a decrease in the population of sea snails and limpets, as there would be more crabs to eat them.

A short-term, direct effect would be an increase in the population of crabs, as there would be more food available for them.

A short-term, direct effect would be a decrease in the population of seaweed, as there would be fewer crabs to eat them.

Besides banning all harvest of crabs, describe one potential realistic strategy to increase the population of crabs.

A potential strategy could be to create marine protected areas where crabs are safe from predators and human harvesting, or to restore their habitat.

Release more predators into the area to control crab numbers.

Increase the amount of pollution in crab habitats to test their resilience.

Reduce the amount of available food sources for crabs to encourage migration.

“Usually, bluff erosion can only be detected after the fact,” says Oberle. “We’re trying to identify areas of erosion through methane release and develop an early detection system.” The results look promising so far. Data collected during September 2017 show methane hotspots were closely associated with melt-water run-off channels, a clear sign of thawing permafrost. The scientists plan to return to Barter Island at the end of the summer of 2019 to see whether the drone-based detection system can predict erosion hotspots through early identification of methane emissions. Which of the following best describes the author’s claim?

Drones could be a valuable and inexpensive way to collect data on methane release.

Permafrost melts at a very high rate from natural climate change.

Ground sensors are the best way to track permafrost melting in Alaska.

Alaska is the best place to document the loss of permafrost from anthropogenic activities.

A field is abandoned, and an invasive plant that can live in nutrient-poor soil moves into the field. If the land is later cleared of this invasive species and it is discovered that the soil has an abundance of nitrogen compounds, what conclusion can best be made?

Bacteria in soil and in root nodules converted free nitrogen into nitrogen compounds.

The plants used up all of the phosphorus and potassium and left the nitrogen behind.

Primary succession always produces an abundance of nitrogen.

The plants were able to produce nitrogen in their leaves.

More rock was weathered and broken down to release nitrogen compounds.

The direction of the arrows in the diagram indicates which of the following, other than showing which organisms are consumed by other organisms?

The flow of energy through the ecosystem.

The physical movement of organisms.

The reproduction rate of organisms.

The change in sea ice habitat is affecting polar bears’ ability to hunt and feed in which of the following ways?

It reduces their access to prey, making hunting more difficult.

It increases the number of seals available to hunt.

It improves their ability to find food on land.

It allows them to hunt for longer periods each year.

Melting sea ice leads to a feedback loop that increases Arctic warming because:

the exposed darker ocean absorbs more heat, causing further ice melt

the melting ice releases greenhouse gases directly into the atmosphere

the melting ice increases snowfall, which cools the region

the exposed ocean reflects more sunlight, reducing warming

One strategy that could reasonably be implemented to decrease right whale deaths caused by commercial activity is:

Implementing speed restrictions for ships in areas where right whales are present.

Increasing the number of commercial ships in whale habitats.

Encouraging louder ship engines to warn whales of approaching vessels.

Allowing unrestricted fishing gear in whale migration routes.

Traveling southward from the Arctic regions of Canada to the tropics of Panama, one passes through several biomes - tundra, coniferous forest, temperate deciduous forest, and tropical rain forest. This pattern of change in vegetation is primarily the result of

an increase in both mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation

primary and secondary succession

an increase in mean annual temperature and a decrease in mean annual precipitation

an increase in the total annual hours of sunlight

16. Which of the following best illustrates an abiotic component of the environment affecting a biotic component of the environment?

Sunlight enabling plants to perform photosynthesis

A rabbit eating grass in a meadow

A bird building a nest in a tree

A wolf hunting a deer in the forest

How does the burning of fossil fuels contribute to the net increase in atmospheric carbon?

Carbon that has been sequestered underground is added to the carbon cycling between the atmosphere and the biosphere.

Photosynthesis is reduced by virtue of increased smoke and haze.

Carbon released by the burning is not in a form that can be readily absorbed by plants, leaving residual carbon in the atmosphere.

Carbon released by the burning is more easily absorbed in the atmosphere than that produced by natural means.

Carbon released by the burning increases plant growth, producing more carbon for the atmosphere.

Corn can be grown at a rate of 1,000 kcal per hectare, and it takes 20 times more land to produce beef than it does to produce corn. Which of the following equations would correctly calculate the amount of land needed to produce 10,000 kcal of beef?

10,000 kcal ÷ 1,000 kcal/ha × 20 = 200 ha

10,000 kcal × 20 ÷ 1,000 kcal/ha = 200 ha

10,000 kcal ÷ 20 × 1,000 kcal/ha = 200 ha

10,000 kcal × 1,000 kcal/ha ÷ 20 = 200 ha

Carbon dioxide and particulates are emitted by volcanoes. Particulates form stratospheric aerosols that reflect sunlight. Which of the following best describes the impact of atmospheric carbon dioxide and stratospheric aerosols?

Carbon dioxide contributes to global warming, and aerosols cause cooling.

Both carbon dioxide and aerosols contribute to global warming.

Carbon dioxide contributes to global warming, and aerosols have no effect on global climate.

Carbon dioxide reacts to form aerosols, leading to decreased global warming.

UV radiation causes carbon dioxide to break down, leading to increased stratospheric cooling.

Which of the following is true of carbon as it cycles in nature?

Carbon sinks include forests and oceans.

Carbon dioxide is released during photosynthesis.

Carbon compounds rarely exist in the gaseous state.

The carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is reduced by cutting trees.

Carbon is concentrated in igneous rocks.

Which of the following is a process that indirectly removes carbon from Earth's atmosphere?

Formation of carbonate deposits

Respiration by anaerobic bacteria

Photodissociation by ultraviolet light

29. Vegetarianism is often cited as a partial solution to the growing problem of deforestation and other types of habitat destruction as the human population continues to grow. The reason for this is:

less land is required to produce plant-based foods than to raise livestock

vegetarian diets require more water than meat-based diets

vegetarianism increases the demand for forest products

raising livestock helps preserve forests

Which of the following best explains why the lower portion of the troposphere is warmer than the upper portion?

The surface of Earth absorbs sunlight, heating the lower portion of the troposphere more than the upper part.

The lower portion of the troposphere is separated by the ozone layer from the upper portion, so the lower portion absorbs more sunlight, increasing the temperature.

The air in the lower portion of the troposphere is less dense than the air in the upper portion, leading to a higher temperature in the lower portion.

The troposphere is the highest layer of the atmosphere, so the lower portion is warmed more than the upper part by rising air.

Which of the following is most likely to result from reduced ocean upwelling along the coast?

an increase in the population of anchovy predators

an increase in the number of hurricanes

reduced ocean upwelling along the coast

reduced surface runoff due to drought

Unit 1 Test - AP Environmental Science

Authored by Eric R Lind

Physics

11th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 1+ times

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Acid rain is associated with which of the following?

Formation of the antarctic ozone hole

Release of PCBs into the atmosphere

Damage to tropical rain forests

The burning of fossil fuels

The increasing pH of lake waters

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following pathways indicate how nitrogen is added to the largest nitrogen reservoir?

Nitrifying bacteria and lightning

Decomposing plant and animal material

Denitrifying bacteria and volcanic activity

Nitrates taken up by plant roots

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be an effect of global warming?

Loss of fertile delta regions for agriculture

Change in global patterns of precipitation

Extinction of some species that have narrow temperature requirements

Decreased rate of photosynthesis in vegetation

Increased frequency of hurricanes

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS2-4

NGSS.HS-ESS2-2

NGSS.HS-ESS3-5

NGSS.HS-LS4-5

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

A vegetable farmer wishes to switch to a combination of trees and vegetables (agroforestry) on several hectares of her land to reduce erosion and to diversify what she grows. She needs to assess whether her land can produce as much income by growing two crops instead of one. The farmer estimates that the new tree crop would cover 40 percent of her fields, with the vegetable crop covering the other 60 percent. Which equation should she use to calculate how much total income she would get from using the new two-crop plan?

Tags

NGSS.HS-ETS1-3

NGSS.HS-LS2-7

NGSS.HS-ESS3-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following is a greenhouse gas that comes only from human sources?

Nitrous oxide

Carbon dioxide

Methane

Chlorofluorocarbons

Carbon monoxide

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-5

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The three main anthropogenic sources of gaseous air pollutants in the United States are

soil erosion, volcanoes, and forest fires

soil erosion, volcanoes, and energy production

industry, construction, and agriculture

industry, transportation, and energy production

industry, transportation, and agriculture

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following statements is true of aquatic biomes?

Freshwater and marine biomes are evenly distributed on Earth.

Freshwater biomes are a vital source of drinking water.

Freshwater biomes supply a greater portion of Earth’s oxygen than marine biomes.

Marine biomes include streams, rivers, ponds, and lakes.

Tags

NGSS.2-ESS2-2

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Unit 1 Test - AP Environmental Science

Acid rain is associated with which of the following?

Which of the following pathways indicate how nitrogen is added to the largest nitrogen reservoir?

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be an effect of global warming?

Which of the following is a greenhouse gas that comes only from human sources?

The three main anthropogenic sources of gaseous air pollutants in the United States are

Which of the following statements is true of aquatic biomes?

An aquatic food web includes the following organisms. Which of the following best describes the type of ecosystem represented?

Refer to the food web above to identify the following organisms. (i) Identify a primary producer.

Refer to the food web above to identify the following organisms. (ii) Identify a tertiary consumer.

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