A&PI Lecture Exam 1 Review Quiz

Which best describes anatomy?

• Study of how living organisms function

• Study of tissues and cells only

• Study of structure, internal & external

• Study of disease processes

Answer explanation

Anatomy is best described as the study of structure, both internal and external, of living organisms. This encompasses the organization of tissues and organs, making it broader than just tissues and cells.

Histology is the study of:

• Organs

• Cells

• Tissues

• Organ systems

Answer explanation

Histology is specifically the study of tissues, which are groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function. While it relates to cells and organs, the primary focus is on the organization and structure of tissues.

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Which of the following is an example of physiology?

• Dissecting a frog to view its organs

• Examining how the heart pumps blood

• Labeling bones on a skeleton

• Memorizing cranial nerves

Answer explanation

Examining how the heart pumps blood is an example of physiology, as it involves understanding the functions and processes of the body, unlike the other options which focus on structure or memorization.

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If a tumor blocks part of the GI tract, what is most likely impaired?

• Nerve conduction

• Digestion and absorption

• Muscle contraction

• Blood clotting

Answer explanation

A tumor blocking part of the GI tract primarily impairs digestion and absorption, as it disrupts the normal flow of food and nutrients through the digestive system.

Which is the correct order of homeostatic regulation?

• Receptor → Effector → Control center

• Effector → Control center → Receptor

• Receptor → Control center → Effector

• Control center → Receptor → Effector

Answer explanation

Homeostatic regulation begins with the Receptor detecting changes, which sends information to the Control center. The Control center processes this information and then signals the Effector to enact the necessary response, making 'Receptor → Control center → Effector' the correct order.

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Which is an example of a positive feedback loop?

• Shivering when cold

• Sweating when hot

• Blood clotting after a cut

• Insulin release lowering blood sugar

Answer explanation

Blood clotting after a cut is a positive feedback loop because the process amplifies itself: the more platelets that arrive at the site, the more signals are sent to attract even more platelets, rapidly forming a clot.

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Which subatomic particle has a positive charge?

• Proton

• Electron

• Neutron

• Quark

Answer explanation

The proton is the subatomic particle that carries a positive charge, distinguishing it from electrons, which are negatively charged, and neutrons, which have no charge. Quarks also have fractional charges but are not standalone particles.

The number of protons determines:

• Atomic mass

• Type of chemical bond

• Atomic number / element identity

• Number of electron shells

Answer explanation

The number of protons in an atom defines its atomic number, which determines the element's identity. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Atomic number / element identity'.

Chlorine has 17 electrons. Its shell distribution is:

• 2, 7, 8

• 2, 8, 7

• 2, 8, 8

• 8, 8, 1

Answer explanation

Chlorine has 17 electrons, which are distributed in shells as 2 in the first shell, 8 in the second shell, and 7 in the third shell. Therefore, the correct shell distribution is 2, 8, 7.

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Which atoms are inert (nonreactive)?

• Sodium, Potassium

• Oxygen, Nitrogen

• Neon, Helium

• Carbon, Hydrogen

Answer explanation

Neon and Helium are noble gases, known for their lack of reactivity due to having full valence electron shells. In contrast, Sodium, Potassium, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, and Hydrogen are reactive elements.