Thermal Energy/Conservation of Energy Test Study Guide

The Sun heats the surface of a road during the day. The arrows in the image show the direction of the movement of cold and hot air. What are the modes of heat transfer involved?

• condensation and conduction

• conduction and convection

• convection and radiation

• radiation and condensation

A girl walks barefoot on the sidewalk on a sunny afternoon. After a short time, her body and the soles of her feet feel warm. Which processes cause the girl’s body and feet to feel warm?

• The heat from the Sun transfers to the feet by conduction, and the heat from the sidewalk transfers to the body by radiation.

• The heat from the siewalk transfers to the feet by radiation, and the heat from the Sun transfers to the body by convection.

• The heat from the sidewalk transfers to the feet by conduction, and the heat from the Sun transfers to the body by radiation.

• The heat from the air near the sidewalk transfers to the feet by convection, and the heat from the Sun transfers to the body by conduction.

Before studying heat transfer, a group of students create a list of things they think they know about the topic. 1. Convection occurs in liquids and gases. 2. Radiation only occurs between objects in direct contact. 3. Conduction transfers heat from a warmer object to a cooler object. 4. Conduction and convection cannot occur together. Which statements are correct?

• 1 and 2

• 1 and 3

• All of them

• 2 and 4

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-3

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

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Two metal plates, A and B, are at different temperatures. When placed in contact, they both reach the same temperature after some time. Which mode of heat transfer causes A and B to reach the same temperature?

• conduction

• convection

• emission

• radiation

A researcher performs an activity to study the transfer of heat. He fills two identical beakers with 200 mL of water each at 20°C. He places both beakers outside, one in the Sun, and the other in the shade. After an hour, the researcher observes the temperatures of the water in the beakers, as shown. What is most responsible for the increase in water temperature in the beakers?

• beaker 1: transfer of heat by radiation; beaker 2: transfer of heat by convection

• beaker 1: transfer of heat by conduction; beaker 2: transfer of heat by conduction

• beaker 1: transfer of heat by convection; beaker 2: transfer of heat by radiation

• beaker 1: transfer of heat by radiation; beaker 2: transfer of heat by radiation

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

What is the best explanation for how the room is warmed?

• conduction from the Sun outside

• conduction from the fireplace

• convection from the Sun outside

• radiation from the fireplace

A student leaves a metal spoon in a mug of hot chocolate and answers the phone. When the student returns, the metal spoon is warm to the touch. Which transfer of thermal energy occurs between the hot chocolate and the metal spoon?

• conduction

• convection

• electromagnetism

• radiation

The diagram shows the various energies possessed by a ball falling from a height of 20 m. Which statement is an accurate conclusion made from the data?

• The total energy of the ball decreases during its fall.

• The total energy of the ball is equal to potential energy.

• The total energy of the ball remains constant during its fall.

• The total energy of the ball is converted into kinetic energy during its fall.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

A student makes a model to show the transformation between kinetic and potential energy. The student releases a marble at the edge of a glass bowl at point A, and the marble travels through points B and C, as shown. Which statement correctly compares the kinetic and potential energy of the marble at different positions?

• The marble’s kinetic and potential energy are highest at point A.

• The marble’s potential energy decreases, and its kinetic energy increases as it moves from point A to point B.

• The marble’s kinetic and potential energy are higher at point B than point C.

• The marble’s potential energy decreases, and its kinetic energy increases as it moves from point B to point C.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-2

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Examine the diagram of the movement of a cart with four positions (W, X, Y, and Z) labeled, as shown. At which position will the cart have the greatest amount of kinetic energy?

• W

• X

• Y

• Z

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-5