Meeting 3 Sociolinguistics

What is the main factor that limits Kalala's choice of code when communicating with a soldier who has just arrived in Bukavu, as illustrated in Table 2.1?

• A) Topic of conversation

• B) Formality of the setting

• C) Social status of the recipient

• D) Shared linguistic repertoire

According to Joshua Fishman, what is primarily involved in the 'domain of language use'?

• A) Random interactions in any setting

• B) Only formal educational contexts

• C) Individual preferences without social factors

• D) Typical participants, settings, and topics

In the example of 'Anahina, a bilingual Tongan New Zealander, what is the limitation of the domain-based approach highlighted by her use of language at home?

• A) Domains always perfectly match social factors

• B) Family members never use multiple codes

• C) Settings exclusively determine code choice

• D) Topics like school work can cause 'leakage' from other domains

How has the pattern of language use in urban Paraguay developed from the 1960s, as described by Joan Rubin, to the 21st century?

• A) Guaraní has completely replaced Spanish in all domains

• B) Spanish is now only used in rural areas

• C) The complementary pattern remains unchanged

• D) Bilingualism has increased, with both Spanish and Guaraní used at home and in schools

What is the main advantage of using a model like Figure 2.1 to summarize code choices within the Portuguese community in London?

• A) It captures every individual choice in detail

• B) It ignores domains such as home and work

• C) It only focuses on monolingual norms

• D) It provides a basis for comparing patterns across different communities

Which social dimension best explains Oi Lin Tan using Singapore English with her sister for homework but Cantonese with the old vegetable seller at the market?

• A) Formality of interaction

• B) Physical setting only

• C) Referential function only

• D) Social distance and status relationship

In a narrow sense of diglossia, which of the following is NOT an important feature?

• A) Two different varieties of the same language

• B) Varieties H and L complement each other in function

• C) Variety H has high prestige and is standardized

• D) Variety H is used in everyday conversation

Based on predictions for the use of varieties H and L in a diglossic community, which domain is usually associated with variety L?

• A) Sermons and prayers in religion

• B) Editorials in newspapers

• C) Written materials in education

• D) Lesson discussions in education

Which of the following is a key feature that distinguishes variety H from variety L in a diglossic community?

• A) H is learned at home, L at school

• B) L is used for literature, H for gossip

• C) H and L are not linguistically related

• D) H has more prestige and is codified in grammar

According to Table 2.4 Fishman, which box represents diglossia without widespread individual bilingualism, such as in Haiti?

• A) Box 1: Both diglossia and bilingualism

• B) Box 2: Bilingualism without diglossia

• C) Box 4: Both diglossia and bilingualism

• D) Box 3: Diglossia without bilingualism