References for TKA 2025

Exploring Bali's Natural Wonders
Bali, a beautiful island in Indonesia, is known for its stunning landscapes and rich culture. While many come for the beaches and temples, the island also offers natural attractions that amaze nature lovers from around the world. From national parks and waterfalls to terraced rice fields, Bali is full of natural beauty.
In the west lies West Bali National Park, a peaceful area filled with green forests, calm mangrove swamps, and colorful coral reefs along the sea. The air is fresh, and the scenery feels untouched. One of the park’s most special sights is the Bali Starling—a rare white bird with bright blue around its eyes. Its soft song adds magic to the quiet forest. Visitors can walk along clear paths and enjoy the rich variety of plants and animals in this protected area.

The Question is, What is the main idea of the second paragraph?

• West Bali National Park is famous for its beaches and resorts.

• The Bali Starling is the only bird living in the forest.

• West Bali National Park is a peaceful place with rich natural life.

• Visitors can swim in the coral reefs near the park.

Exploring Bali's Natural Wonders

Bali, a beautiful island in Indonesia, is known for its stunning landscapes and rich culture. While many come for the beaches and temples, the island also offers natural attractions that amaze nature lovers from around the world. From national parks and waterfalls to terraced rice fields, Bali is full of natural beauty.

In the west lies West Bali National Park, a peaceful area filled with green forests, calm mangrove swamps, and colorful coral reefs along the sea. The air is fresh, and the scenery feels untouched. One of the park’s most special sights is the Bali Starling—a rare white bird with bright blue around its eyes. Its soft song adds magic to the quiet forest. Visitors can walk along clear paths and enjoy the rich variety of plants and animals in this protected area.

Heading north, travelers find the scenic Munduk Waterfall, surrounded by green hills and forests. Water flows gently over rocky cliffs into a cool clear pool. Mist rises into the air, mixing with the calming sound of falling water. The walk to the waterfall passes through narrow paths lined with coffee and clove trees. Their fresh scent fills the air, offering a pleasant and peaceful experience. Munduk is the perfect place to relax and enjoy Bali’s natural charm.


The Question is, Which paragraph is mostly developed by describing a specific place and its relaxing atmosphere?

• First paragraph

• Second paragraph

• Third paragraph

• All of them

Many environmental scientists argue that the effects of climate change are not limited to rising global temperatures, but also include extreme weather events such as hurricanes, floods, and droughts. A recent study has shown that developing countries are the most vulnerable, as they often lack the infrastructure and resources to cope with such disasters. The text also highlights that although international agreements have been made to reduce carbon emissions, many industrial nations continue to prioritize economic growth over environmental sustainability. Based on the information in the passage, what is the main idea being emphasized?

• International agreements have no impact on climate change

• Climate change only increases global temperature

• Developing countries suffer the most from climate change

• Economic growth and environmental sustainability often conflict

In the past two decades, communication has transformed drastically. Social media has enabled people to connect instantly, share knowledge, and build communities across borders. However, it also creates problems such as misinformation, cyberbullying, and decreased face-to-face interaction. The lecturer in the passage suggests that students should evaluate both the advantages and disadvantages before forming a conclusion. What should students do according to the lecturer ?

• Analyze both positive and negative impacts before deciding

• Focus only on the benefits and ignore the risks

• Avoid it completely to prevent misinformation

• Use it as frequently as possible to share information

Despite the importance of renewable energy, many governments don’t invest enough funds, which leads to slow progress in combating climate change. The sentence contains a grammatical inaccuracy that may confuse readers if not corrected. You are asked to carefully analyze the subject-verb agreement and auxiliary usage in the sentence. Which of the following options makes the sentence grammatically correct ?

• Many governments doesn’t invest enough funds

• Many governments don’t invest enough funds

• Many governments don’t invests enough funds

• Many governments doesn’t invests enough funds

Last week, Maria said, “I am preparing my research presentation for the international conference.” Her teacher later reported this to the principal. You are asked to transform Maria’s direct speech into reported speech. Remember that tense changes are required when reporting past events, and pronouns should also be adjusted. Which of the following sentences is correct ?

• Maria said she prepares her research presentation

• Maria said she had prepared her research presentation

• Maria said she was preparing her research presentation

• Maria said she is preparing her research presentation

By the time the new library was officially opened, students had already borrowed digital resources provided by the school’s online system. This initiative showed that learners adapted quickly to technological changes in education. The text suggests that traditional facilities, though important, may not always be the primary source of knowledge in the modern era. What is the main emphasis of this passage ?

• Students no longer need a library for learning

• Students are reluctant to adapt to technology

• Libraries remain the only reliable source of knowledge

• Online resources are increasingly utilized before physical facilities

In a clinical case, a 52-year-old man presents with persistent hypertension that does not improve despite lifestyle modifications and regular exercise. He reports a family history of cardiovascular disease and his BMI indicates overweight status. His blood pressure consistently measures above 150/95 mmHg over three separate visits. Considering the current guidelines, what is the most appropriate initial pharmacological management for this patient ?

• Lifestyle modifications only

• Thiazide diuretics

• Beta-blockers as first-line therapy

• Calcium channel blockers

A researcher is studying the effects of nutrition on childhood obesity in a primary school population. He collects data on BMI, dietary habits, and physical activity levels. The study design involves following the same children for five years to see how their habits influence obesity risk. What type of research design is most appropriate to classify this study ?

• Cross-sectional study

• Case-control study

• Meta-analysis

• Cohort study

A 68-year-old woman comes with complaints of frequent urination, excessive thirst, and unexplained weight loss over the last two months. Laboratory results show elevated fasting blood glucose at 180 mg/dL. The physician suspects type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which diagnostic test provides the strongest confirmation for the diagnosis ?

• Random blood glucose measurement

• Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

• HbA1c test ≥ 6.5%

• Fasting blood glucose on a single occasion