exam 1 - ecology

In order for natural selection to occur (select all that are correct)

• Favorable traits will accumulate over time

• Individual variation must exist

• All mating must be random

• Over production of offspring

• Unequal reproductive success

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

Relying on experience or observation to determine a trend in a system is known as 

• Hypothesis

• Experimentation

• Empirical Data

• Theory

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NGSS.MS-LS2-4

In the following hypothesis, which variable is indeppendant?

Increased time studying will result in higher grade achievement. for college students.

• Time studying

• Grade Achievement

• Type of Student

Why is it important to have a control group in an experiment? (select all that are correct)

• Helps to determine the proper sample size for the experiment. 

• Isolates the independent variable's effects on the experiment and can help rule out alternative explanations of the experimental results

• Allows for multiple dependent variables to be measured

• Serves as a basis of comparison

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NGSS.MS-PS1-2

According to this graph, what would the dependant variable?

• Time since the pandemic

• Percent change of stock prices

Vestigial structures are

• have similar functions but evolved independently in unrelated species.

• are remnants of body parts that were useful in their ancestors, but are now reduced in size or function, or serve a different purpose entirely.

• are body parts that have a similar structure by different functions. They are evidence of a shared ancestry, indicating that the organisms evolved from a common ancestor.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-4

Walking through the countryside of England, Darwin saw that farmers were able to breed dogs for specific traits.  This was evidence that

• Natural selection only occurs in domesticated animals.

• Evolution was not happening to dogs.  

• Dogs are uniquely created and are not related to each other. 

• Parents pass down traits to their offspring.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

How did going to the Galapagos Islands help Darwin understand natural selection?

• The animals on the islands were similar to the animals on the mainland but had changed in unique ways, suggesting they were related. 

• Such bizarre changes in animals suggested that evolution happens in fast and drastic ways. 

• The animals on the islands were completely different from the animals on the mainland, suggesting they were not related. 

• The animals of the Galapagos are so bizarre that Darwin discounted his visit when considering his theory.  

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

NGSS.HS-LS4-4

NGSS.HS-LS4-5

Homologous structures have different functions but the

______ structures. Homologous structures suggest that species are ______

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

A scientist wanted to determine if the vaccine they created worked against measles.  They gave 50 college students the vaccine and 50 college students a placebo (fake vaccine).  After a measles breakout in the city they determined that none of the students that received the vaccine got measles, but all of the students who got the placebo did get measles.  

What is the Independent Variable?

• The Rate of Measles Infection

• The Vaccine

• The Number of College Students