Criminological Research Exam

Research is best defined as:

• A random guesswork method

• Scientific investigation of phenomena through collection and interpretation of facts

• A philosophical argument without evidence

• A casual observation of events

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of research?

• Exploratory - understanding the exact nature of a problem

• Descriptive - expanding knowledge and focusing on 'what'

• Explanatory - cause-and-effect relationships

• Fabricatory - inventing results for convenience

Which purpose of research aims to understand how variables interact?

• Exploratory

• Descriptive

• Explanatory

• Predictive

Which characteristic of research is based on real-life observations and experiments?

• Empirical

• Logical

• Controlled

• Hypothesis-based

Research that follows sequential steps based on valid principles is:

• Empirical

• Logical

• Analytical

• Objective

Research begins and ends with questions, which makes it:

• Controlled

• Cyclic

• Statistical

• Rigid

Which characteristic ensures the validity of findings by sound judgment?

• Analytical

• Objective

• Hypothesis-based

• Controlled

Transforming raw data into meaningful results is achieved through:

• Sampling

• Statistical treatment

• Observation

• Convenience

Research done for intellectual curiosity and development of principles is:

• Applied research

• Basic or pure research

• Action research

• Developmental research

Research applied to test theories and improve practice is:

• Applied research

• Basic research

• Clinical research

• Historical research