What is pneumonia?

• A chronic infection

• An acute infection of lung parenchyma

• A viral infection of the skin

• A bacterial infection of the stomach

How is hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) typically acquired?

• Through community interaction

• During outpatient visits

• In inpatient or post-inpatient care

• Through airborne transmission in public spaces

Which of the following is the most common pathogen responsible for community acquired pneumonia?

• Chlamydia

• Influenza A

• Streptococcus pneumoniae

• Haemophilus influenzae

What is the recommended oral dosing for Amoxicillin in adults based on the provided clinical pathway from ATS?

• 1 g three times daily

• 500 mg twice daily

• 200 mg once daily

• 300 mg once daily

For patients with comorbidities or recent antibiotic use, which combination is suggested for broader coverage?

• Amoxicillin + doxycycline

• Augmentin + macrolide

• Doxycycline + respiratory fluoroquinolone

• Macrolide + amoxicillin

What is the standard therapy for hospitalized patients with inpatient CAP?

• Oral antibiotics

• IV beta-lactam + macrolide

• Topical antibiotics

• Oral beta-lactam + macrolide

Which of the following is a sign of clinical improvement after initiating treatment?

• Fever for more than 72 hours

• Improved oxygenation status

• Feeling "back to normal self"

Answer explanation

Remember improved does not equal cured, it is not realistic for patient to expect to feel completely well after 48-72 hours of abx, any improvement at all would indicate therapy is working

Why is it important to follow local resistance patterns in pneumonia treatment?

• To ensure the use of the most cost effective antibiotic

• To follow trends in antibiotic marketing

• To tailor treatment based on local antibiograms

• To avoid using any antibiotics for viral infections

Why are shorter treatment durations (5 days) preferred, assuming clinical improvement?

• They increase adverse effects

• They reduce adverse effects and resistance pressure

• They are less expensive

• They require more monitoring

Answer explanation

Shorter treatment duration has shown improvement in symptoms while keeping side effects more minimal, less risk of antibiotic resistance patterns, and less risk of cdiff/GI upset.

What should be done when cultures return in the context of pneumonia treatment?

• Continue with broad-spectrum antibiotics and add another antibiotic that covers

• De-escalate to a more narrow spectrum antibiotic if indicated

• Adjust the dosage of current antibiotics

• Stop all antibiotics immediately