Which of the following best describes the functional relationship between the lymphatic and cardiovascular systems?

• Lymphatics produce red blood cells for circulation

• Lymphatics drain excess interstitial fluid and return it to venous circulation

• Cardiovascular vessels prevent lymph movement

• Lymphatics directly pump blood back to the heart

Approximately how much fluid is left behind in the tissues daily and must be returned to circulation via lymphatics?

• 500 mL

• 1 L

• 3 L

• 10 L

What happens if lymph is not adequately returned to circulation?

• Hypertension

• Edema

• Dehydration

• Increased cardiac output

Which structural feature makes lymphatic capillaries highly permeable?

• Thick endothelial lining

• Flaplike minivalves

• Continuous basement membrane

• Lack of connective tissue anchoring

Which of the following can easily enter lymphatic capillaries but not blood capillaries?

• Electrolytes

• Proteins and pathogens

• Gases

• Glucose

Which lymphatic duct drains lymph from the right arm, right thorax, and right side of the head?

• Thoracic duct

• Right lymphatic duct

• Left subclavian duct

• Cisterna chyli

The thoracic duct empties into which vein?

• Superior vena cava

• Right subclavian vein

• Left subclavian vein

• Jugular vein

Which mechanism assists lymph movement through vessels?

• High arterial pressure

• Skeletal muscle contraction and thoracic pressure changes

• Cardiac pumping

• Lymphocyte propulsion

What is the function of lymph nodes?

• Store erythrocytes

• Trap foreign material and activate lymphocytes

• Produce plasma proteins

• Absorb nutrients from the intestine

Large clusters of lymph nodes are especially found in which regions?

• Cervical, axillary, inguinal

• Femoral, thoracic, renal

• Umbilical, hepatic, gastric

• Cerebral, vertebral, coccygeal