A&P: Body Systems Quiz 3

A patient is experiencing dehydration. Using your understanding of urinary system functions, which hormonal response would most effectively help the body conserve water, and what is the physiological mechanism behind it?

• Increased secretion of aldosterone, leading to decreased sodium reabsorption in the kidneys

• Increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to increased water reabsorption in the collecting ducts

• Decreased secretion of renin, leading to increased urine output

• Increased secretion of erythropoietin, leading to increased red blood cell production

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During intense exercise, explain how the respiratory system adjusts to maintain efficient gas exchange and what changes occur in blood gas concentrations.

• Breathing rate decreases, leading to increased oxygen in the blood

• Breathing rate and depth increase, enhancing oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide removal to maintain homeostasis

• Only the heart rate increases, with no change in breathing

• The respiratory system shuts down to conserve energy

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A person with chronic kidney disease is unable to effectively regulate blood pH. Using your knowledge of homeostasis, explain the consequences and the compensatory mechanisms that may be activated in other body systems.

• Blood pH remains stable due to kidney compensation

• Blood becomes more alkaline, and the digestive system compensates

• No compensatory mechanisms are activated

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A female patient is given a drug that blocks follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptors. Predict the effects on her reproductive cycle and provide reasoning.

• Ovulation will occur earlier than normal

• Follicle development will be impaired, preventing ovulation and estrogen production

• Progesterone levels will increase dramatically

• The menstrual cycle will be unaffected

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A person receives a vaccine containing inactivated pathogens. Explain how this leads to long-term immunity, referencing the specific immune response mechanisms involved.

• The vaccine causes immediate destruction of all pathogens in the body

• The vaccine stimulates the adaptive immune system to produce memory B and T cells, enabling a faster response upon future exposure

• The vaccine only activates the innate immune system

• The vaccine prevents any immune response from occurring

A patient with Addison’s disease has decreased secretion of cortisol and aldosterone. Analyze how this affects the body’s ability to maintain homeostasis, particularly during stress.

• The body will have increased blood pressure and glucose levels

• The body will struggle to maintain blood pressure and glucose levels, leading to fatigue and hypotension during stress

• The body will have excessive sodium retention

• The body will have increased immune suppression

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A person is exposed to high altitude, where oxygen levels are lower. Using your understanding of respiratory gas exchange, explain how the body adapts over time to maintain oxygen delivery to tissues.

• The body decreases red blood cell production

• The body increases breathing rate and produces more red blood cells to enhance oxygen transport

• The body reduces heart rate to conserve oxygen

• The body stops producing hemoglobin

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A patient is diagnosed with an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks pancreatic beta cells. Predict the impact on endocrine function and justify your answer.

• Increased insulin production and hypoglycemia

• Decreased insulin production, leading to hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus

• Increased glucagon production, leading to hypoglycemia

• No effect on blood glucose regulation

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A person is experiencing metabolic acidosis. Explain how the kidneys and respiratory system work together to restore acid-base balance.

• The kidneys excrete more bicarbonate, and the lungs decrease ventilation

• Both systems decrease their activity

• The kidneys and lungs do not interact in acid-base balance

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A patient with a tumor in the adrenal cortex is producing excess aldosterone. Analyze the effects on electrolyte balance and blood pressure, and explain the underlying mechanism.

• Decreased sodium reabsorption and low blood pressure

• Increased sodium reabsorption, leading to water retention and hypertension

• Increased potassium reabsorption and hyperkalemia

• Decreased water reabsorption and dehydration

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