Quiz about Exam 1 (MedSurg) - Diabetes

Question 1

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic, multisystem disease related to abnormal ______ production, impaired ______ utilization, or both.

Accepted Answer

insulin

Answer

glucose

Answer

protein

Answer

lipid

Question 2

Diabetes Mellitus is a leading cause of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Answer

Adult blindness

Answer

End-stage kidney disease

Answer

Nontraumatic lower limb amputations

Question 3

Major contributing factors of Diabetes Mellitus include:

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Answer

Heart disease

Answer

Stroke

Answer

Hypertension (HTN)

Question 4

Normal insulin metabolism is produced by beta cells in the islets of ______.

Accepted Answer

Langerhans

Answer

Kupffer

Answer

Bowman

Answer

Meissner

Question 5

Insulin is released continuously into the bloodstream in small increments with larger amounts released after ______.

Accepted Answer

food

Answer

exercise

Answer

sleep

Answer

medication

Question 6

Insulin stabilizes glucose level in the range of ______ mg/dL.

Accepted Answer

70-120

Answer

120-180

Answer

40-70

Answer

180-250

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of insulin?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates gluconeogenesis

Answer

Promotes glucose transport in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

Answer

Stores glucose as glycogen

Answer

Inhibits gluconeogenesis

Question 8

Which hormones are considered counterregulatory hormones?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon, epinephrine, growth hormone, cortisol

Answer

Insulin, glucagon, thyroxine, epinephrine

Answer

Cortisol, insulin, adrenaline, growth hormone

Answer

Epinephrine, thyroxine, insulin, glucagon

Question 9

Counterregulatory hormones oppose the effects of insulin.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 10

Fill in the blanks: Counterregulatory hormones stimulate ______ production by the _____.

Accepted Answer

glucose, liver

Answer

insulin, pancreas

Answer

protein, kidneys

Answer

fatty acid, pancreas

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a class of diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Insipidus

Answer

Type 1

Answer

Type 2

Answer

Gestational

Question 12

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is formerly known as _______.

Accepted Answer

juvenile-onset or insulin-dependent diabetes

Answer

adult-onset or non-insulin-dependent diabetes

Answer

gestational diabetes

Answer

maturity-onset diabetes of the young

Question 13

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus accounts for what percentage of all diabetes cases?

Accepted Answer

5%

Answer

1%

Answer

10%

Answer

20%

Question 14

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by AUTOIMMUNE destruction of ______ cells.

Accepted Answer

beta

Answer

alpha

Answer

delta

Answer

gamma

Question 15

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is associated with total absence of _______.

Accepted Answer

insulin

Answer

glucagon

Answer

adrenaline

Answer

thyroxine

Question 16

Onset of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus usually occurs in people younger than what age?

Accepted Answer

40 years

Answer

20 years

Answer

30 years

Answer

50 years

Question 17

Autoantibodies are present for months to years before symptoms occur in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 18

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus makes up what percentage of diabetes cases?

Accepted Answer

90-95%

Answer

10-20%

Answer

50-60%

Answer

100%

Question 19

Which of the following are risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Answer

Overweight

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Advancing age

Answer

Family history

Question 20

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is NOT increasingly prevalent in children due to socioeconomic and sociocultural factors.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 21

In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, the pancreas continues to produce some endogenous insulin.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 22

Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is:

Accepted Answer

Insufficient or poorly utilized

Answer

Sufficient and well utilized

Answer

Not produced at all

Answer

Overproduced

Question 23

What is the greatest risk factor for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Obesity

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Genetics

Answer

Tachycardia

Question 24

Genetic components increase ______ in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Accepted Answer

insulin resistance

Answer

insulin secretion

Answer

glucose absorption

Answer

pancreatic function

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a major metabolic abnormality in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?

Accepted Answer

B) Increased insulin production by pancreas

Answer

A) Insulin resistance

Answer

C) Inappropriate hepatic glucose production

Answer

D) Altered production of hormones and cytokines by adipose tissue

Question 26

Metabolic syndrome increases risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Which of the following is NOT a component of metabolic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

D) Low cholesterol

Answer

A) Elevated glucose levels

Answer

B) Abdominal obesity

Answer

C) Elevated BP

Question 27

What is the fasting glucose level range for impaired fasting glucose (IFG)?

Accepted Answer

100 to 125 mg/dL

Answer

80 to 99 mg/dL

Answer

126 to 140 mg/dL

Answer

140 to 199 mg/dL

Question 28

Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is diagnosed by a 2 hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with glucose levels between _______.

Accepted Answer

140 to 199 mg/dL

Answer

100 to 125 mg/dL

Answer

200 to 299 mg/dL

Answer

70 to 99 mg/dL

Question 29

Gestational diabetes develops during pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 30

Usually glucose levels return to normal ______ weeks postpartum in gestational diabetes.

Accepted Answer

6

Answer

2

Answer

12

Answer

20

Question 31

50% of women with gestational diabetes will become diabetic.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 32

Patient education for prediabetes includes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Answer

Undergo screening

Answer

Manage risk factors

Answer

Monitor for symptoms of diabetes

Question 33

Which symptom is described as excessive thirst in T1DM?

Accepted Answer

Polydipsia

Answer

Polyphagia

Answer

Polyuria

Answer

Fatigue

Question 34

Fill in the blank: Polyphagia is defined as excessive ________ in T1DM.

Accepted Answer

hunger

Answer

thirst

Answer

urination

Answer

sweating

Question 35

Which diagnostic test is used to reflect glucose levels over the past 2-3 months in DM?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin A1C test

Answer

Fasting blood glucose

Answer

Oral glucose tolerance test

Answer

Urine glucose test

Question 36

Fill in the blank: The goal for Hemoglobin A1C in DM management is ________%.

Accepted Answer

6.5-7

Answer

8-9

Answer

7.5-8

Answer

5-5.5

Question 37

Fill in the blank: All patients with T1DM require _______.

Accepted Answer

insulin

Answer

metformin

Answer

dietary fiber

Answer

statins

Question 38

Fill in the blank: Rapid acting insulin has an onset of _______ minutes.

Accepted Answer

10-30

Answer

60-120

Answer

120-180

Answer

180-240

Question 39

Which of the following is an example of short acting insulin?

Accepted Answer

Humulin N

Answer

Lispro

Answer

Humalog

Answer

Glulisine

Answer

Novolin R

Question 40

Fill in the blank: Human insulin is genetically engineered in _______.

Accepted Answer

laboratories

Answer

hospitals

Answer

farms

Answer

factories

Question 41

Which of the following is prescribed for patients with T2DM who cannot control their blood glucose by any other means?

Accepted Answer

Exogenous insulin

Answer

Nutritional therapy

Answer

Bariatric surgery

Answer

Drug therapy

Answer

Endogenous insulin

Question 42

What is the onset time for intermediate acting insulin?

Accepted Answer

1.5-4 hr

Answer

5-10 min

Answer

10-20 hr

Answer

30-60 min

Question 43

Which of the following is an example of intermediate acting insulin?

Accepted Answer

Humulin N

Answer

Glargine

Answer

Detemir

Answer

Lantus

Answer

Novolin R

Question 44

What is the peak time for long acting insulin?

Accepted Answer

No pronounced peak

Answer

12-24 hours

Answer

40-60 hours

Answer

8-10 hours

Question 45

What is the duration of action for rapid acting bolus insulin?

Accepted Answer

15 minutes

Answer

1 hour

Answer

4 hours

Answer

8 hours

Question 46

When should rapid or short-acting insulin be administered in relation to meals?

Accepted Answer

BEFORE meals (bolus)

Answer

AFTER meals (bolus)

Answer

DURING meals (bolus)

Answer

WITHOUT regard to meals

Question 47

Which insulin regimen most closely mimics endogenous insulin production?

Accepted Answer

Basal-bolus regimen

Answer

Mealtime insulin regimen

Answer

Intermediate acting regimen

Answer

Long acting regimen

Question 48

How often is intermediate or long acting background insulin administered in a basal-bolus regimen?

Accepted Answer

Once or twice a day

Answer

Every meal

Answer

Every hour

Answer

Once a week

Question 49

Short acting bolus insulin should be injected how many minutes before a meal?

Accepted Answer

30-45 minutes

Answer

5-10 minutes

Answer

60-90 minutes

Answer

Immediately before meal

Question 50

What is the primary use of background (basal) insulin?

Accepted Answer

To control BG levels in between meals and overnight

Answer

To treat acute hypoglycemia

Answer

To control BG levels with meals

Answer

To reduce cholesterol

Question 51

Long acting basal insulin should be administered:

Accepted Answer

Once or twice a day

Answer

Every 4 hours

Answer

Only at night

Answer

Every meal

Question 52

Long acting basal insulin can be mixed with other insulins or solutions.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 53

What is the duration of intermediate acting basal insulin (NPH)?

Accepted Answer

12-18 hrs

Answer

4-6 hrs

Answer

24 hrs

Answer

1-2 hrs

Question 54

What is the peak time for intermediate acting basal insulin?

Accepted Answer

4-12 hrs

Answer

1-2 hrs

Answer

12-18 hrs

Answer

No peak

Question 55

Intermediate acting basal insulin can be mixed with short and rapid acting insulins.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 56

What must be done before mixing intermediate acting basal insulin?

Accepted Answer

Agitate to mix

Answer

Heat it

Answer

Freeze it

Answer

Add water

Question 57

Combination insulin therapy provides coverage for:

Accepted Answer

Both mealtime (bolus) and background (basal)

Answer

Only mealtime (bolus)

Answer

Only background (basal)

Answer

Only rapid acting insulin

Question 58

In-use insulin vials may be left at room temperature for up to 4 weeks.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 59

Extra insulin should be _________?

Accepted Answer

Refrigerated

Answer

Heated

Answer

Kept at room temperature

Answer

Frozen

Question 60

Prefilled syringes should be stored upright for 1 week if they contain 2 insulin types, and for 30 days for single insulin type.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 61

How is insulin typically administered?

Accepted Answer

Subcutaneous injection

Answer

Transmucosal tablet

Answer

Oral tablet

Answer

Intramuscular injection

Question 62

Regular insulin may be given IV.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 63

Although it is preferred to use parenteral routes (SQ, IV) for insulin, it can be given orally as well.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 64

Absorption of insulin is fastest from which site?

Accepted Answer

Abdomen

Answer

Arm

Answer

Thigh

Answer

Buttock

Exam 1 (MedSurg) - Diabetes

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