Genetics Quiz

What is the fundamental unit of heredity, a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or trait?

• Chromosome

• Nucleotide

• Allele

• Gene

The primary function of a gene is to:

• To provide instructions for building proteins

• Form the cell's outer membrane

• Transport oxygen throughout the body

• Store energy for the cell

Which of the following best describes the relationship between chromosomes, DNA, and genes?

• Genes are located on chromosomes, which are made up of DNA.

• DNA is a small part of a gene, which is located on a chromosome.

• Genes are structures that contain chromosomes and DNA.

• Chromosomes and genes are different types of DNA.

Which of the following is incorrect about genetic characteristics?

• Genetic characteristics are the traits that passed on from ancestors to the next generation through genes.

• Genetic characteristics are the traits transferred from parents to offspring through genes in reproductive cells.

• Genetic characteristics are the DNA of an organism.

• Genetic characteristics are the traits that are determined by the DNA of an organism.

Where are genes located within a eukaryotic cell?

• In the cytoplasm

• Inside mitochondria only

• On chromosomes within the nucleus

• On ribosomes

What is an allele?

• Different versions of a gene.

• A chromosome that has mutated.

• A protein that regulates gene expression.

• A segment of DNA that does not code for a protein.

If a father has brown eyes (a dominant trait) and a mother has blue eyes (a recessive trait), and their child has blue eyes, what must be the father's genotype?

• Homozygous recessive (bb)

• Homozygous dominant (BB)

• Heterozygous (Bb)

• It is impossible for them to have a child with blue eyes

What does it mean for chromosomes to be homologous?

• They are only found in prokaryotic cells

• They are located in the cytoplasm of the cell

• They are identical copies of each other

• They carry the same genes in the same order but may have different alleles

In Mendelian genetics, what term describes a physical or observable characteristic of an organism that is determined by its genetic makeup?

• Allele

• Phenotype

• Chromosome

• Genotype

A Punnett square is a tool used to predict the outcomes of a genetic cross. What does each box within a Punnett square represent?

• The phenotype of a parent

• The specific gene being studied

• The possible genotype of an offspring

• The genotype of a parent