VOCAB #1: DNA, Chromosomes, and Genes

What is DNA?

• A molecule that carries genetic instructions for life, composed of two strands forming a double helix.

• A type of protein that helps in cellular respiration.

• A carbohydrate that provides energy to cells.

• A lipid that stores energy in the body.

What is chromatin?

• A complex of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

• A type of RNA that helps in protein synthesis.

• A structure that only exists in prokaryotic cells.

• A form of energy storage in cells.

What role do centrioles play in cell division?

• Centrioles are responsible for DNA replication during cell division.

• Centrioles help organize the assembly of microtubules during cell division, facilitating the separation of chromosomes.

• Centrioles are involved in the synthesis of proteins necessary for cell division.

• Centrioles function as the primary site for energy production in the cell.

What are chromosomes?

• Structures within cells that contain RNA.

• Structures within cells that contain DNA and carry genetic information.

• Fluid-filled sacs in cells that store nutrients.

• Proteins that help in cell division.

What is the difference between diploid and haploid cells?

• Diploid cells contain one set of chromosomes, while haploid cells contain two sets.

• Diploid cells contain two complete sets of chromosomes (one from each parent), while haploid cells contain only one set of chromosomes.

• Diploid cells are found in gametes, while haploid cells are found in somatic cells.

• Diploid cells are produced by meiosis, while haploid cells are produced by mitosis.

How do genes influence traits?

• By determining an organism's environment

• By providing the instructions for making proteins

• By controlling the weather patterns

• By influencing the availability of food sources

What is the function of proteins in the body?

• Acting as enzymes and providing structural support

• Storing genetic information

• Transporting oxygen in the blood

• Producing hormones and regulating metabolism

What is the process of DNA replication?

• DNA replication is the process by which a DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules, ensuring genetic information is passed on during cell division.

• DNA replication is the process of converting RNA into DNA during protein synthesis.

• DNA replication is the process of breaking down DNA into smaller fragments for analysis.

• DNA replication is the process of repairing damaged DNA strands.

What is genetic variation?

• Differences in DNA sequences among individuals that can lead to variations in traits and contribute to evolution.

• The process by which organisms adapt to their environment over time.

• The study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring.

• The total number of genes in a population at a given time.

What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?

• The nucleus is the control center of the cell, housing the cell's DNA and coordinating activities such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

• The nucleus is responsible for energy production in the cell.

• The nucleus helps in the synthesis of proteins and enzymes.

• The nucleus is involved in the transport of materials within the cell.