Topic 2 Review: Solids, Liquids, & Gases

Have you ever noticed the bubbles forming when water boils on the stove? What you are seeing is liquid water turning into water vapor. Water is a liquid at room temperature. Examine the graph showing what happens when liquid water becomes a gas.

At what time did the water BEGIN changing to a gas?

• 6 min

• 10 min

• 20 min

• 16 min

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Leo was asked to draw a concept map of changes in matter at the molecular level. An incomplete sample is shown. Which of the following labels would be most appropriate for completing the diagram?

• Arrows A & B: the density of the particles increases

• Arrows A & C: The temperature of the substance increases

• Arrows B & C: The motion of the particles slows to a complete stop

• Arrows C & D: The particles become more spread out

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Sofia is giving examples of changes in matter to her class. Which TWO examples best show sublimation?

• Water in a kettle boils to form steam.

• Frozen snow on a mountain slowly disappears even though the temperature never gets above 0 °C.

• An ice cube left on a counter slowly becomes a puddle.

• Solid carbon dioxide turns directly into carbon dioxide gas in the air.

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Which of the following changes to a sample of water would result in the molecules moving farther apart?

• Placing the water in a smaller container

• Cooling the water until it becomes solid

• Adding heat energy to the water until it becomes steam

• Decreasing the average kinetic energy of the water

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Which of the following contributes to changes in particle motion or arrangement of matter within a system? Select two.

• Increasing or decreasing the pressure applied to the substance

• Increasing or decreasing the temperature of the substance

• Doubling the mass of the substances

• Reducing the volume of the substance by half

• Removing water from the substance

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Mya drew a model of a solid, showing atoms packed tightly together in fixed positions.
Which of the following changes must Mya make to accurately represent the same substance in the liquid phase?

• The size of each atom should shrink to fit the container.

• The atoms should remain fixed in a rigid, repeating pattern.

• The atoms should be spread far apart with rapid movement.

• The atoms should be shown close together but able to move past one another.

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Which of the following describes a difference between solids and liquids?

• Particles in a solid cannot move at all, but particles in a liquid can move in all directions.

• Particles in a solid are tightly packed and only vibrate in place, but particles in a liquid are close together and can slide past each other.

• Solids always take the shape of their container, but liquids always have a fixed shape.

• Particles in a solid move faster at a higher temperature than particles in a liquid.

Would you feel like an ice wizard if you could make a solid form just by cooling something in your hand? The substance bromine is a liquid at room temperature, but if cooled enough it will reach its freezing point and become a solid. If you warm it back up to the same temperature, it will melt back into a liquid again.
How do the melting point and the freezing point of bromine compare to each other?

• The melting point of bromine equals its freezing point.

• The melting point of bromine is higher than its freezing point.

• The melting point of bromine is lower than its freezing point.

• Both the melting point and freezing point of bromine constantly change.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Helium is often used to fill balloons. A single tank of helium can fill many balloons because gases can be _____.

• broken down into smaller atoms

• made to vanish when released

• changed into solids at room temperature

• compressed into a small container under pressure

Jupiter has a thick atmosphere with extremely high pressure compared to Earth. Which TWO statements are true about boiling water on Jupiter?

• Water will boil at a higher temperature on Jupiter than on Earth.

• Water will boil at a lower temperature on Jupiter than on Earth.

• The temperature of water will remain constant while it boils.

• The temperature of water will increase as it boils.

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