What is the unit of Vd?

• litre/kg

• litre/hour

• ppm

• kg/min

the parameters of bioavailability are

• AUC and VD

• AUC, tmaks, Cmaks

• Cmask and Vd

• Vd, Cl, and t1/2

one of the example of primary parameters of pharmacokinetic is

• Cl

• K

• AUC

• T1/2

The pharmacokinetic parameter that describe the condition of elimination phase is

• Cl

• Vd

• AUC

• Ka

What is AUC ?

• the amount of drug that eliminate from the body

• the amount of drug that distributed to the target

• the amount of metbolit that absorbed to the systemic circulation

• the amount of drug that reaches the systemic circulation

Ciprofloxacin is one of the antibiotics with a half-life of 3 hours. The drug follows first-order kinetics. What is k?

• 0.231 /hours

• 0.173/hours

• 0.159 /hours

• 0.345/hours

The correct statement from this picture is

• MEC is minimum concentration that can make the toxic effect

• Therapeutic range is the concentration between MEC and MTC

• MTC is maximum toxic concentration that can make the lethal effect

• MEC is maximum concentration that can reach the effect

The time it takes for the concentration of a drug to reduce by half in the body is known as the:

• half life

• Volume distribution

• clearance

• AUC

Which organ is primarily responsible for the metabolism of drugs?

• kidney

• lung

• liver

• brain

What is the primary route of drug excretion from the body?

• sweat

• feces

• urine

• lungs