AP BIO QUIZS - Cellular Structures and Functions

What is the function of ribosomes?

• Ribosomes synthesize proteins according to mRNA nucleotide sequence.

• Ribosomes are responsible for DNA replication.

• Ribosomes transport nutrients across the cell membrane.

• Ribosomes generate energy for the cell.

What are the two forms of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

• Smooth and rough

• Smooth and flat

• Rough and jagged

• Smooth and spiky

What is the Golgi complex?

• A membrane-bound structure consisting of a series of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae, part of the endomembrane system.

• A type of organelle responsible for energy production in cells.

• A structure involved in the synthesis of ribosomes within the nucleus.

• A network of protein filaments that helps maintain cell shape.

What is the concept of compartmentalization?

• The process by which cells divide into two separate entities.

• The separation of competing chemical reactions in membrane-bound organelles to enhance efficiency.

• The method by which prokaryotic cells perform all their chemical reactions.

• The ability of cells to change shape and adapt to their environment.

What are the functions of the Golgi complex?

• Perfecting the folding and chemical modification of newly synthesized proteins and packaging them into secretory vesicles for protein trafficking to the plasma membrane.

• Synthesizing ATP for energy production in the cell.

• Breaking down waste materials and cellular debris.

• Transporting nutrients across the cell membrane.

What are the characteristics of embedded proteins in cell membranes?

• Embedded proteins are always hydrophilic and cannot be hydrophobic.

• Embedded proteins can be hydrophilic, with charged and polar amino acid side groups, and hydrophobic, with nonpolar side groups.

• Embedded proteins are only found on the surface of the membrane and do not interact with the lipid bilayer.

• Embedded proteins are exclusively nonpolar and do not interact with aqueous environments.

What is the advantage of the inner mitochondrial membrane being highly folded with a large surface area?

• It allows for more efficient energy production through increased ATP synthesis.

• It provides more space for chemical reactions to take place.

• It helps in the transport of proteins into the mitochondria.

• It reduces the risk of mitochondrial diseases.

What are the functions of smooth ER?

• Detoxification and lipid synthesis

• Protein synthesis and energy production

• Cell division and DNA replication

• Transport of materials and cell signaling

What is the composition of cell membranes?

• Cell membranes are primarily made of carbohydrates and nucleic acids.

• Cell membranes consist of a structural framework of phospholipid molecules embedded with proteins, steroids, glycoproteins, and glycolipids.

• Cell membranes are composed mainly of water and salts.

• Cell membranes are formed from a single layer of lipids with no proteins.

What role does the endoplasmic reticulum play in cellular function?

• It provides mechanical support and carries out protein synthesis on membrane-bound ribosomes.

• It is responsible for DNA replication and repair.

• It generates ATP through cellular respiration.

• It stores calcium ions and regulates cell signaling.