Quiz about Anatomy Review of Biology

Question 1

Chemistry is the science that deals with the ________ and characteristics of chemicals. Fill in the blank.

Accepted Answer

composition

Answer

temperature

Answer

color

Answer

weight

Question 2

Why is a knowledge of chemistry necessary for the understanding of physiology?

Accepted Answer

Because of the importance of chemicals in body processes.

Answer

Because physiology is unrelated to chemistry.

Answer

Because chemistry only deals with non-living things.

Answer

Because physiology ignores chemical reactions.

Question 3

Cells and their organelles are assemblies of molecules, which are composed of ________.

Accepted Answer

chemicals

Answer

cells

Answer

tissues

Answer

organs

Question 4

Matter is anything that has ______ and takes up space. Fill in the blank.

Accepted Answer

weight

Answer

color

Answer

temperature

Answer

sound

Question 5

What are the smallest units of matter with specific chemical properties?

Accepted Answer

Elements

Answer

Atoms

Answer

Molecules

Answer

Compounds

Question 6

What is the smallest unit of an element?

Accepted Answer

Atom

Answer

Molecule

Answer

Cell

Answer

Proton

Question 7

Attractions between two or more atoms are called ______. Fill in the blank.

Accepted Answer

chemical bonds

Answer

ionic currents

Answer

magnetic fields

Answer

thermal waves

Question 8

What does the pH scale measure?

Accepted Answer

H+ ion concentration

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Pressure

Answer

Volume

Question 9

A pH of 7 indicates a ______ solution with equal numbers of hydrogen ions and hydroxide (OH-) ions.

Accepted Answer

neutral

Answer

acidic

Answer

basic

Answer

alkaline

Question 10

A pH in the range of 0 to <7 indicates the presence of more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions, and is considered ______.

Accepted Answer

acidic

Answer

basic

Answer

neutral

Answer

alkaline

Question 11

A pH in the range of >7 to 14 indicates the presence of more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions, and is considered ______ or ______.

Accepted Answer

basic or alkaline

Answer

acidic or sour

Answer

neutral or balanced

Answer

salty or metallic

Question 12

True or False: The lower the pH, the more basic the solution is.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 13

What are buffers?

Accepted Answer

Chemicals that combine with excess acids or bases to help minimize pH changes in body fluids

Answer

Chemicals that increase pH

Answer

Chemicals that decrease pH

Answer

Chemicals that only react with acids

Question 14

Organic molecules or compounds contain both ______ and carbon; many dissolve in water, but do not release ions; these are called nonelectrolytes. Fill in the blank.

Accepted Answer

hydrogen

Answer

oxygen

Answer

nitrogen

Answer

sulfur

Question 15

All other compounds are considered ______; they usually dissolve in water and release ions, making them electrolytes. Fill in the blank.

Accepted Answer

inorganic

Answer

organic

Answer

covalent

Answer

nonpolar

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT an example of a common inorganic substance?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Water

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Carbon dioxide

Question 17

What is the most abundant compound in living things and makes up two-thirds of the weight of a human adult?

Accepted Answer

Water

Answer

Protein

Answer

Carbohydrate

Answer

Fat

Question 18

What is the role of water in transporting solutes in the body?

Accepted Answer

Water is important in transporting solutes (dissolved substances) in the body, since it is the major component of blood and other body fluids.

Answer

Water prevents the absorption of solutes in the body by acting as a barrier.

Answer

Water only helps in the digestion of food and not in solute transport.

Answer

Water is not involved in the transport of any substances in the body.

Question 19

Water absorbs and transports heat through the body.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 20

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in cellular activities?

Accepted Answer

To provide energy for cellular activities and materials for synthesizing particular cell structures; also stored as energy reserves.

Answer

To transmit genetic information between cells.

Answer

To catalyze biochemical reactions as enzymes.

Answer

To provide structural support to cell membranes only.

Question 21

Carbohydrates are composed of which three elements?

Accepted Answer

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Answer

Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.

Answer

Hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.

Answer

Carbon, phosphorus, and hydrogen.

Question 22

Which of the following is a monosaccharide (simple sugar)?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Sucrose

Answer

Maltose

Answer

Glycogen

Question 23

Disaccharides (double sugars) consist of how many simple sugars?

Accepted Answer

2 simple sugars

Answer

1 simple sugar

Answer

3 simple sugars

Answer

4 simple sugars

Question 24

Which of the following is a polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Fructose

Answer

Lactose

Answer

Ribose

Question 25

What are lipids?

Accepted Answer

Organic substances that are insoluble in water

Answer

Organic substances that are soluble in water

Answer

Inorganic substances that are insoluble in water

Answer

Inorganic substances that are soluble in water

Question 26

Lipids include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Fats (triglycerides), phospholipids, and steroids

Answer

Proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids

Answer

Sugars, starches, and cellulose

Answer

Enzymes, hormones, and vitamins

Question 27

What is the most abundant type of lipids?

Accepted Answer

Triglycerides (fats)

Answer

Phospholipids

Answer

Steroids

Answer

Proteins

Question 28

Triglycerides store and supply energy for ________ function.

Accepted Answer

cellular

Answer

digestive

Answer

respiratory

Answer

skeletal

Question 29

Triglycerides consist of glycerol and how many fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Three

Answer

One

Answer

Two

Answer

Four

Question 30

Fatty acids with all single carbon-carbon bonds are called ________.

Accepted Answer

saturated fatty acids

Answer

unsaturated fatty acids

Answer

trans fatty acids

Answer

polyunsaturated fatty acids

Question 31

Those with one or more double bonds between carbon atoms are called ________.

Accepted Answer

unsaturated fatty acids

Answer

saturated fatty acids

Answer

amino acids

Answer

monosaccharides

Question 32

Proteins are organic compounds containing which of the following elements?

Accepted Answer

C, O, H, and N

Answer

C, O, H, and P

Answer

C, O, H, and S

Answer

C, O, H, and Ca

Question 33

Name two functions of proteins.

Accepted Answer

Structural materials, energy sources, hormones, receptors, antibodies, enzymes (any two)

Answer

Transporting oxygen, storing genetic information

Answer

Providing insulation, storing minerals

Answer

Producing light, aiding in photosynthesis

Question 34

Proteins consist of building blocks called ________, each of which contains a carboxyl group, an amino group, and a side chain called the R group.

Accepted Answer

amino acids

Answer

fatty acids

Answer

nucleotides

Answer

monosaccharides

Question 35

Amino acids bind together in ________ of <100 to >5000 amino acids.

Accepted Answer

polypeptide chains

Answer

nucleotide strands

Answer

fatty acid tails

Answer

glycosidic bonds

Question 36

Some proteins also contain sulfur (S) atoms.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 37

Each amino acid contains a carboxyl group, an amino group, and a side chain called the ________.

Accepted Answer

R group

Answer

P group

Answer

S group

Answer

L group

Question 38

Nucleic acids: ______ and participate in protein synthesis.

Accepted Answer

Form genes

Answer

Store energy

Answer

Transport oxygen

Answer

Regulate temperature

Question 39

Nucleic acids contain which of the following elements?

Accepted Answer

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus

Answer

Carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, and iron

Answer

Oxygen, nitrogen, calcium, and sodium

Answer

Hydrogen, oxygen, potassium, and magnesium

Question 40

Each nucleotide consists of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and one of five ______ bases.

Accepted Answer

nitrogenous

Answer

sulfurous

Answer

acidic

Answer

alkaline

Question 41

Nucleic acid molecules are chains of ______.

Accepted Answer

nucleotides

Answer

amino acids

Answer

fatty acids

Answer

monosaccharides

Question 42

Which of the following is a characteristic of RNA (ribonucleic acid)?

Accepted Answer

Single-stranded

Answer

Double-stranded

Answer

Contains deoxyribose

Answer

Does not function in protein synthesis

Question 43

RNA functions in ________ synthesis.

Accepted Answer

protein

Answer

lipid

Answer

carbohydrate

Answer

vitamin

Question 44

What sugar does RNA contain?

Accepted Answer

Ribose

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Fructose

Answer

Deoxyribose

Question 45

Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)?

Accepted Answer

Double-stranded, twisted into a spiral, held together with hydrogen bonds

Answer

Single-stranded, linear

Answer

Triple-stranded, circular

Answer

Single-stranded, twisted into a spiral

Question 46

What does DNA store in genes that is used by cells to synthesize proteins?

Accepted Answer

Molecular (genetic) code

Answer

Lipids

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Water

Question 47

DNA contains the sugar, _________.

Accepted Answer

deoxyribose

Answer

ribose

Answer

glucose

Answer

fructose

Question 48

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a modification of RNA that contains how many phosphate groups?

Accepted Answer

Three

Answer

One

Answer

Two

Answer

Four

Question 49

What is the main function of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the body?

Accepted Answer

Stores and provides energy for chemical reactions

Answer

Stores genetic information

Answer

Provides structural support

Answer

Transports oxygen

Question 50

What are the main phases of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis

Answer

Prophase, metaphase, and anaphase

Answer

G1, S, and G2 only

Answer

Replication, transcription, and translation

Question 51

Daughter cells might undergo changes to become specialized after cell division.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 52

What are checkpoints in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Times at which the cell cycle progresses, controlled by interaction of special proteins.

Answer

Points where DNA is replicated during mitosis.

Answer

Stages where the cell permanently stops dividing.

Answer

Locations in the cell where chromosomes are stored.

Question 53

A restriction checkpoint determines the fate of a cell. Which of the following is NOT a possible fate?

Accepted Answer

Become a virus

Answer

Continue cell cycle and divide

Answer

Enter a non-dividing stage as a specialized cell

Answer

Die

Question 54

Cells have a maximum number of times they can divide because of built-in 'clocks' called ________ on the tips of chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

telomeres

Answer

centromeres

Answer

histones

Answer

plasmids

Question 55

A living cell is the site of ______-catalyzed metabolic reactions that maintain the life of the cell and the body.

Accepted Answer

enzyme

Answer

hormone

Answer

vitamin

Answer

acid

Question 56

What do enzymes allow metabolic reactions to do?

Accepted Answer

Proceed quickly enough to maintain life

Answer

Stop completely

Answer

Occur only at high temperatures

Answer

Happen without any energy input

Question 57

Information from ______ is required to construct proteins, including the enzymes necessary for reactions.

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Lipids

Question 58

Cellular Metabolism is the group of chemical reactions that acquire, store, and release ______ in the cells of the body.

Accepted Answer

energy

Answer

water

Answer

carbon dioxide

Answer

proteins

Question 59

Energy is derived from chemical bonds in ______ molecules obtained in the diet.

Accepted Answer

nutrient

Answer

waste

Answer

toxic

Answer

inert

Question 60

What are the two types of metabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Anabolic and Catabolic reactions

Answer

Photosynthesis and Respiration

Answer

Oxidation and Reduction

Answer

Hydrolysis and Dehydration

Question 61

Fill in the blank: Anabolic reactions (anabolism) involve the synthesis of larger molecules from ______ ones and require energy.

Accepted Answer

smaller

Answer

larger

Answer

identical

Answer

complex

Question 62

Fill in the blank: Catabolic reactions (catabolism) involve the breakdown of larger molecules into ______ ones and release energy and heat.

Accepted Answer

smaller

Answer

larger

Answer

identical

Answer

complex

Question 63

The reactions of metabolism are often reversible.

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 64

Fill in the blank: ______ + Catabolism = Metabolism

Accepted Answer

Anabolism

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Fermentation

Anatomy Review of Biology

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