Fill in the blank: Dependent variable = __________

What changes in response to the IV; what is measured

What is kept constant in the experiment

What the experimenter changes; independent variable

The control group in the experiment

Fill in the blank: Constants (controlled variables) = __________

Aspects of an experiment that are kept constant/consistent

The variable that is changed in an experiment

The results measured in an experiment

Fill in the blank: Control group = __________

Standard/"normal" group used for comparison

Group that always receives the experimental treatment

Group with the highest number of variables

Fill in the blank: Technology = __________

The application of scientific discoveries to meet human needs and goals through the development of products and processes

A form of entertainment used only for leisure purposes

A collection of random tools with no specific purpose

A natural phenomenon that occurs without human intervention

Fill in the blank: Engineering = __________

Applies scientific and mathematic principles to solve problems

Focuses solely on computer programming

Define science. Science is _____________.

A study of the natural world based in experimentation and thus, supported by evidence.

A collection of untested beliefs and opinions.

A set of random guesses about the universe.

A fictional story about the world.

Give an example of a hypothesis in the correct format. Fill in the blank: If a sunflower is exposed to sunlight for 8 hours a day, then ____________.

it will grow taller than sunflowers exposed to less light.

it will not need water to survive.

it will stop growing completely.

An observation is a direct statement of what is seen, while an inference is a conclusion drawn from observations.

An observation is a guess based on prior knowledge, while an inference is a measurement.

An observation is a conclusion, while an inference is a fact.

An observation is always incorrect, while an inference is always correct.

The difference between accuracy and precision, and the significance of having data that is both, can be described as:

Accuracy refers to how close measurements are to the true value, while precision refers to how close measurements are to each other; having both ensures reliable and valid data.

Accuracy and precision both mean the same thing in measurement.

Precision is about being close to the true value, while accuracy is about being consistent.

Having both accuracy and precision is not important in scientific data.

Fill in the blank: The first general step in designing and conducting an experiment is to ________

Make observations and ask questions

Analyze the results and draw conclusions

Publish the findings in a journal

Repeat the experiment several times

Fill in the blank: After making observations, the next step is to ________

Conduct background research to see what has already been found and define purpose for the experiment

Publish your results immediately

Fill in the blank: The fourth step in designing and conducting an experiment is to ________

Test the hypothesis in an experiment

Analyze the data before testing

Publish the results before testing

Fill in the blank: The final step in designing and conducting an experiment is to ________

Draw conclusions and communicate them to others

Give an example of a scientific investigation design, with appropriate constants and variables (IV and DV). Anh observes that her brother, who is a swimmer, can hold his breath for a really long time. She wonders if other types of athletes can hold their breath for just as long. She decides to conduct an investigation of different types of athletes and how long they can hold their breath. Fill in the blanks: - IV = ________ - DV = ________ - Constants = ________

IV = type of athlete (which sport they play), DV = how long they can hold their breath, Constants = age of athletes, temperature and conditions where the data is collected, pre-existing health conditions of any of the athletes, physical activities (or amount of rest) done prior to collecting the data, etc.

IV = how long they can hold their breath, DV = type of athlete (which sport they play), Constants = the number of athletes tested, the equipment used, and the time of day.

IV = age of athletes, DV = temperature and conditions where the data is collected, Constants = type of athlete (which sport they play), how long they can hold their breath.

IV = pre-existing health conditions, DV = physical activities done prior to collecting the data, Constants = type of athlete and how long they can hold their breath.

The general steps of the technological design process and the criteria that must be considered when designing a solution include:

Identifying the problem, researching, generating solutions, selecting the best solution, testing, and considering constraints such as cost, safety, and efficiency.

Only brainstorming ideas and immediately building a prototype without considering any criteria.

Focusing solely on aesthetics and ignoring functionality and safety.

Skipping research and testing phases to save time and resources.

Fill in the blank: The first step in the technological design process is to _________.

Define/identify the problem or need.

Fill in the blank: Solvent = __________

What does the dissolving in a solution

What gets dissolved in a solution

Fill in the blank: Hydrophilic = __________

"Water loving"; a substance that has an affinity for water

"Water fearing"; a substance that repels water

A substance that dissolves only in oil

A substance that is neutral to water

Fill in the blank: Hydrophobic = __________

"Water fearing"; a substance that does not have an affinity for water

"Water loving"; a substance that readily dissolves in water

A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

A substance that acts as a buffer in water

List the six elements necessary for life and give examples of three molecules that contain those elements.

C, H, O, N, P, S. Examples: H2O, CO2, O2.

Na, Cl, K, Mg, Fe, Zn. Examples: NaCl, KCl, MgO.

He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn. Examples: HeO, NeO, ArO.

Al, Si, Pb, Hg, Au, Ag. Examples: Al2O3, SiO2, PbO.

List the levels of organization that make up an organism, starting with an atom and ending with an organism.

Atom → Molecule → Organelle → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism.

Atom → Organelle → Molecule → Cell → Tissue → Organ system → Organ → Organism.

Atom → Molecule → Cell → Organelle → Tissue → Organ system → Organism.

Atom → Molecule → Organelle → Tissue → Cell → Organ → Organ system → Organism.

Differentiate between polar and nonpolar molecules.

Polar: unequal distribution of charges; polar molecules typically dissolve in water because water is also polar. Nonpolar: no separation of charge.

Polar: equal distribution of charges; polar molecules do not dissolve in water. Nonpolar: unequal distribution of charge.

Polar: no separation of charge; polar molecules are always gases. Nonpolar: unequal distribution of charges.

Polar: molecules with metallic bonds; nonpolar: molecules with ionic bonds.

The properties of water that make it such a unique molecule include:

Cohesion, adhesion, high specific heat, and polarity

Lack of hydrogen bonding and low surface tension

Non-polarity and inability to dissolve substances

Low heat capacity and no cohesive forces

Water being less dense as a solid is important for life because:

Ice floats, insulating aquatic life in winter.

It makes water evaporate faster.

It causes water to freeze from the bottom up.

It prevents water from dissolving salts.

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MAGALY ERCILLA

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What remains constant in an investigation

What is observed but not changed

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Fill in the blank: _______ is an objective, verifiable observation.

Fill in the blank: _______ is a statement based on repeated experimental observation that describes an aspect of the world.

Fill in the blank: _______ is a broad concept or principle that describes how something occurs in nature.

Fill in the blank: _______ is an explanation of an observed phenomenon based on research.

Fill in the blank: _______ describes qualities using the senses.

Fill in the blank: _______ uses numbers and measurements to quantify something.

Fill in the blank: Independent variable = __________

Fill in the blank: Dependent variable = __________

Fill in the blank: Constants (controlled variables) = __________

Fill in the blank: Experimental group = __________

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