Year 12 Metalanguage

Which of the following best describes the concept of "discourse" in English language studies?

• The use of gestures and facial expressions in communication.

• The study of whole texts, both spoken and written, and their analysis.

• The repetition of sounds or words for emphasis.

• The use of short utterances to show support.

What is the significance of adjacency pairs in conversation?

• They are used to create vocal effects.

• They are pairs or triplets of utterances that go together, such as greetings and responses.

• They indicate non-verbal communication.

• They are used to repeat words for emphasis.

Which of the following best describes the function of discourse particles/markers in spoken language?

• They are used to correct someone else's utterances.

• They are small words and expressions used to communicate changes of topic, personal attitudes, and other expressions of meaning.

• They are sounds that are not words used to hold the floor.

• They are used when two or more voices speak at the same time.

Which of the following best describes a morpheme?

• The smallest unit of meaning in a word, a root or an affix

• A sequence of words stored as a single unit

• The study of words

• A different kind of word class

How does a free morpheme differ from a bound morpheme?

• Free morphemes can make sense on their own, while bound morphemes must be attached to other morphemes

• Free morphemes are always prefixes, while bound morphemes are always suffixes

• Free morphemes change grammatical meaning, while bound morphemes change lexical meaning

• Free morphemes are only found in idioms, while bound morphemes are not

Which of the following is an example of a derivational morpheme?

• -ment

• -s

• -ed

• -ing

A student is analyzing the word "unhappiness." According to the definitions provided, what is the root or stem of this word, and why?

• "happy," because it is the main part of the word

• "un-," because it is a prefix

• "ness," because it is a suffix

• "unhappy," because it is the longest part

Explain the difference between co-ordinating and subordinating conjunctions, and provide an example of each in a sentence.

• Co-ordinating conjunctions join equal elements (e.g., "and"), while subordinating conjunctions join unequal elements (e.g., "because").

• Co-ordinating conjunctions describe nouns, while subordinating conjunctions describe verbs.

• Co-ordinating conjunctions form adverbs, while subordinating conjunctions form adjectives.

• Co-ordinating conjunctions replace nouns, while subordinating conjunctions replace verbs.

Which of the following best describes the function of pronouns in English grammar?

• They describe position in time and space.

• They replace nouns and can indicate number, gender, case, and type.

• They join words, phrases, or clauses.

• They form the comparative and superlative of adjectives.

Which of the following is NOT a typical suffix for forming adjectives?

• -ible

• -ant

• -ive

• -ing