Civics Week 4

Federalism is best defined as…

• the people voting directly on every law

• power shared/divided between national and state governments

• the national government controlling local schools

• states ignoring federal courts

The Supremacy Clause means…

• state constitutions always win

• federal agencies can ignore courts

• the U.S. Constitution/federal law prevails over conflicting state law

• local school boards outrank state courts

Which case established judicial review (courts can strike down laws)?

• Tinker v. Des Moines

• Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier

• Marbury v. Madison

• Morse v. Frederick

Which amendment most often applies Bill of Rights protections to the states?

• 1st

• 5th

• 14th

• 10th

A student wears a peaceful protest armband; it's not part of a class or school publication. Which test applies?

• Tinker (material & substantial disruption)

• Hazelwood (school-sponsored)

• Barnette (compelled speech)

• Morse (drug advocacy)

A principal deletes pages from a graded journalism-class newspaper to "keep the school's message on brand." Which test applies?

• Tinker

• Hazelwood (school-sponsored; pedagogical concerns)

• Barnette

• Morse

Students are required to recite a pledge or be punished. Which test applies?

• Tinker

• Hazelwood

• Barnette

• Morse

At a school-supervised parade, a banner praises illegal drug use. Which test applies?

• Tinker

• Hazelwood

• Barnette

• Morse

To restrict student speech under Tinker, a school must show…

• feelings were hurt

• evidence of material & substantial disruption (or a specific, reasonable forecast)

• the community disagreed

• a teacher didn’t like the message

A state passes a Student Press Freedom Act that protects more speech than federal baseline. Which is true?

• State law is invalid if it gives more rights

• Federal law is a ceiling in schools

• States may raise the protection floor; schools must follow the higher state standard

• Courts must ignore state statutes