Science_Grade 5_Unit 1-Earth Science

Which of the following is a destructive process?

• sand dune formation

• sand dune erosion

• sand dune preservation

• sand dune protection

A volcano spews hot ash and lava that burns down houses, trees and anything else in its path. Why is the eruption of a volcano viewed as a constructive process?

• It adds minerals to the soil.

• It adds minerals to the atmosphere.

• It takes water from the soil.

• It builds up rock as lava cools.

There is a path between Asia’s house and Myrja’s house. The path was formed over many years as Asia and Myrja walked along the path to visit each other. The path has no grass on it due to all of the walking and is lower than the surrounding dirt. The process that formed the path would be classified as

• constructive because the grass has died allowing the dirt to erode away.

• destructive because the grass has died allowing the dirt to erode away.

• constructive because the path will go away when Asia and Myrja stop walking on it.

• destructive because the path will go away when Asia and Myrja stop walking on it.

The picture shows two steep valleys and two rivers that join together and become one larger river in a wider valley. A student claims that both valleys have been formed by the same process over a long period of time. Which argument BEST explains why the student’s claim is correct or incorrect?

• The student’s claim is correct; the evidence in the picture shows that both valleys were formed by the constructive force of deposition because flowing water carries large rocks from far away and drops them along a river, making the banks taller.

• The student’s claim is correct; the evidence in the picture shows that both valleys were formed by the destructive forces of weathering and erosion because flowing water breaks down rock and carries the small pieces downstream.

• The student’s claim is not correct; the evidence in the picture shows that valley 1 was formed by the destructive forces of weathering and erosion because flowing water breaks down rock and carries the small pieces downstream, but valley 2 was formed by the constructive force of deposition because flowing water carries large rocks from far away and drops them along a river, making the banks taller.

• The student’s claim is not correct; the evidence in the picture shows that valley 1 was formed by the constructive force of deposition because flowing water carries large rocks from far away and drops them along a river, making the banks taller, but valley 2 was formed by the destructive forces of weathering and erosion because flowing water breaks down rock and carries the small pieces downstream.

A student observes a large rock at the base of a volcano in a river valley that gets a lot of snow in the winter and floods in the spring. The student claims that the large crack in the rock was caused by a destructive process called weathering. Which argument BEST describes the student’s claim?

• The student’s claim is correct because water fills small cracks in rocks, freezes, and expands, making the cracks larger over time.

• The student’s claim is correct because the rock was carried from the top of the volcano to its base by a glacier, creating many cracks over time.

• The student’s claim is not correct because the rock was picked up by moving water and rolled against other rocks, smoothing its surface and causing cracks in a short period of time.

• The student’s claim is not correct because large cracks in rocks are caused when lava from a volcano covers the rock so its temperature rises and falls in a short period of time, causing it to break.

Which of the following is most likely to erode soil the fastest:

• flowing water

• strong winds

• animals moving across the soil

• poor farming practices

The picture shows a series of sand dunes. The sand dunes most likely formed by

• strong waves dumping chunks of the ocean floor onto the beach.

• the deposition of sand carried by swift wind blowing along the coast.

• an early river that flowed toward the ocean and carved out the sand dunes.

• land that slightly uplifted when tectonic plates moved under the beach sand.

The map shows the Altamaha River and its watershed, which flows southeast and empties into the Atlantic Ocean. Which landform is most likely created as the Altamaha River flows into the Atlantic Ocean?

• a plateau, formed by weathering

• a hill, formed by sedimentation

• a delta, formed by deposition

• a canyon, formed by erosion

The picture shows a beach like those on Georgia's coastal islands.

Some of Georgia's beaches have been shrinking. What is causing most of this shrinking?

• erosion by gravity

• weathering by wind

• erosion by ocean waves

• weathering by organisms

A student views a picture of a landform, X, commonly found along the coast. The student claims that the landform was created by a constructive process. Which argument best supports the student's claim?

• The student's claim is incorrect because the landform was created from the erosion of the coastline.

• The student's claim is incorrect because the landform was created as land was weathered by sea water.

• The student's claim is correct because the landform was created as sand blew from one location to another.

• The student's claim is correct because the landform was created as a river dropped clumps of sand onto the beach.