Unit 2: Population and Migration Patterns and Processes

Physiological Density

• Type of population density that measures the number of people per unit of arable (farmable) land.

• Type of population density that measures the total number of people in a country.

• Type of population density that measures the number of people per square kilometer of land.

• Type of population density that measures the number of people living in urban areas.

Demographic balancing equation

• A mathematical expression that summarizes the contribution of different demographic processes to the population change of a given area during a specified time period; shows population change over time.

• A formula used to calculate the average age of a population in a specific region.

• An equation that determines the birth rate of a population based on economic factors.

• A statistical method for predicting future population trends based on historical data.

Redistricting

• The process of drawing new district lines for congressional and legislative elections to reflect population changes.

• A method of voting that allows citizens to directly elect their representatives.

• The procedure of eliminating districts that have low voter turnout.

• A strategy used by political parties to influence election outcomes by changing district boundaries.

Pronatalist policies

• Government policies that encourage child birth such as tax breaks and flexible work hours.

• Policies that promote the use of contraceptives and family planning.

• Regulations that limit the number of children a family can have.

• Incentives for families to adopt children from orphanages.

Ravenstein's Laws of Migration

• Most migrants relocate a short distance and remain within the same country.

• Long-distance migrants to other countries head for major centers of economic activity (usually urban areas).

• Most migrants are young adults seeking better job opportunities.

• Migrants tend to move from urban to rural areas.

Xenophobia

• A fear or hatred of foreigners.

• A strong love for one's own country.

• An interest in foreign cultures.

• A desire to travel abroad.

One Child Policy

• A population control measure in India

• A population planning initiative in China implemented between 1979 and 2015 to curb the country's population growth by restricting many families to a single child.

• A law in the United States to limit immigration

• A program in Japan to encourage larger families

Cohort

• A group of individuals of the same age.

• A collection of historical documents.

• A type of statistical analysis.

• A method of teaching in groups.

Population distribution

• A description of how individuals are distributed with respect to one another.

• The total number of individuals in a given area.

• The study of how populations change over time.

• A measure of the average age of individuals in a population.

Life Expectancy

• The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions.

• The total number of years a person has lived until now.

• The maximum age a person can reach based on genetic factors.

• The average lifespan of all living species in a specific region.