DE CH 1.5 page two

What was the main challenge for sailors at sea before the 1700s?

• Lack of food and water

• No accurate way to measure time

• Pirate attacks

• Stormy weather

What type of maps were developed in the 1200s in Italy and Spain?

• Topographic maps

• Portolan charts

• Climate maps

• Political maps

Who produced one of the first effective world maps in 1527?

• Ferdinand Magellan

• Christopher Columbus

• Marco Polo

• Diogo Ribeiro

What instrument did sailors use to determine a ship’s latitude?

• Quadrant

• Sextant

• Astrolabe

• Compass

Which civilization introduced the astrolabe to Christian monks?

• Greeks

• Chinese

• Moors

• Indians

What was the key to navigating the open seas?

• Using a compass

• Following the coastline

• Determining latitude

• Determining longitude

What type of ship did the Portuguese adopt for expeditions?

• Frigate

• Galleon

• Brigantine

• Caravel

What was the main advantage of the caravel's lateen sails?

• They were easier to repair

• They could adapt to changing wind directions

• They were cheaper to produce

• They were larger than square sails

What did the compass allow sailors to determine?

• Their longitude

• Their speed

• Their latitude

• Their direction

What did Europeans learn during the Renaissance that was crucial for navigation?

• Shipbuilding

• Cartography

• Meteorology

• Astronomy