Unit Two Test Review

"The very idea of the power and the right of the people to establish government presupposes the duty of every individual to obey the established government. All obstructions to the execution of the laws, all combinations and associations, under whatever plausible character... are destructive of this fundamental principle, and of fatal tendency. They serve to organize faction, to give it an artificial and extraordinary force; to put, in the place of the delegated will of the nation the will of a party, often a small but artful and enterprising minority of the community." - from the “Farewell Address” of George Washington, 1796

From this quote, Washington would most likely support which of these?

• Washington would likely support political parties

• Washington would likely support civil obedience and lawful citizens

• Washington would likely support organized factions

• Washington would support making alliances with foreign governments

Which statement best explains the lack of voting activity by Native Americans in the United States before the Civil War?

• The Native Americans refused to vote because of conflicts over land ownership

• The Native Americans did not believe they were affected by U.S. government decisions

• The Native Americans were denied U.S. citizenship and thus were not granted suffrage rights

• The Native Americans did not support the United States’ desire to expand west of the Mississippi River

Which of these MOST likely hurt the Federalist Party leading up to the election of 1800?

• George Washington had spoken out against political parties

• The Federalists were associated with the Alien and Sedition Acts

• John Adams had advocated the United States should assist France in their revolution

• Thomas Jefferson had switched from the Federalist to the Anti-Federalist / Democratic-Republican Party

"Among the numerous advantages promised by a well constructed Union, none deserves to be more accurately developed than its tendency to break and control the violence of faction. The friend of popular governments never finds himself so much alarmed for their character and fate, as when he contemplates their propensity to this dangerous vice....By a faction, I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community....There are again two methods of removing the causes of faction: the one, by destroying the liberty which is essential to its existence; the other, by giving to every citizen the same opinions, the same passions, and the same interests. It could never be more truly said than of the first remedy, that it was worse than the disease. Liberty is to faction what air is to fire, an aliment without which it instantly expires....The second expedient is as impracticable as the first would be unwise. As long as the reason of man continues fallible, and he is at liberty to exercise it, different opinions will be formed. As long as the connection subsists between his reason and his self-love, his opinions and his passions will have a reciprocal influence on each other; and the former will be objects to which the latter will attach themselves...." - from Federalist, No. 10, written by James Madison

From this passage, which of these best matches James Madison's description of factions?

• Factions ought to be banned entirely by the federal government.

• America should constrain liberty to prevent factions

• America's government is improved by and needs political factions.

• America will have to live with factions because our government guarantees agency/liberty/democracy. Factions are a byproduct of liberty.

"The heart that feels not now is dead; the blood of his children will curse his cowardice, who shrinks back at a time when a little might have saved the whole, and made them, happy. I love the man that can smile in trouble, that can gather strength from distress, and grow brave by reflection. 'Tis the business of little minds to shrink; but he whose heart is firm, and whose conscience approves his conduct, will pursue his principles unto death. My own line of reasoning is to myself as straight and clear as a ray of light. Not all the treasures of the world, so far as I believe, could have induced me to support an offensive war, for I think it murder; but if a thief breaks into my house, burns and destroys my property, and kills or threatens to kill me, or those that are in it, and to "bind me in all cases whatsoever" to his absolute will, am I to suffer it? What signifies it to me, whether he who does it is a king or a common man; my countryman or not my countryman; whether it be done by an individual villain, or an army of them? If we reason to the root of things we shall find no difference; neither can any just cause be assigned why we should punish in the one case and pardon in the other." - from Common Sense, Thomas Paine, January 10, 1776

Which of these BEST summarizes the message of this passage?

• Violence is never justifiable, even in self defense.

• Colonists should unite for their common defense against the Natives and French

• There comes a time when individuals and people groups are justified in defending their selves

• Patriots need to be prepared to use violence to defend themselves against the aggressive tactics of the Sons of Liberty

"A ______ is what the people are entitled to against every government on earth, general or particular, & what no government should refuse, or rest on inference." ~Thomas Jefferson, 1787. Thomas Jefferson is referring to which of these?

• First Amendment

• Separation of Powers

• Bill of Rights

• Strong executive branch

Use the excerpt to answer question 41.

"Resolved that the several states composing the US. of America are not united on the principle of unlimited submission to their general government; but that, by a compact under the style and title of a Constitution for the US ...., they constituted a general government for special purposes, delegated to that government certain definite powers, reserving, each state to itself, the residuary mass of right to their own self-government; and that whensoever the General government assumes undelegated powers, it’s acts are unauthoritative, void, and of no force." ~Jefferson's Draft (Before 4 October, 1798) Kentucky Resolution

This excerpt of Jefferson's Kentucky Revolution introduces the theory of______________?

• Federalism

• Implied Consent

• Nullification

• Judicial Review

"Among the numerous advantages promised by a well constructed Union, none deserves to be more accurately developed than its tendency to break and control the violence of faction. The friend of popular governments never finds himself so much alarmed for their character and fate, as when he contemplates their propensity to this dangerous vice....By a faction, I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community....There are again two methods of removing the causes of faction: the one, by destroying the liberty which is essential to its existence; the other, by giving to every citizen the same opinions, the same passions, and the same interests. It could never be more truly said than of the first remedy, that it was worse than the disease. Liberty is to faction what air is to fire, an aliment without which it instantly expires....The second expedient is as impracticable as the first would be unwise. As long as the reason of man continues fallible, and he is at liberty to exercise it, different opinions will be formed. As long as the connection subsists between his reason and his self-love, his opinions and his passions will have a reciprocal influence on each other; and the former will be objects to which the latter will attach themselves...." - from Federalist, No. 10, written by James Madison

Using Madison's definition, which of these would be MOST likely to be a political faction?

• Congress

• Republican Party

• Methodist Church

• Articles of Confederation

Use the excerpt to answer the question.

“Article VIII: The taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of the legislatures of the several States within the time agreed upon by the United States in Congress assembled.

Article IX: All controversies concerning the private right of soil claimed under different grants of two or more States, whose jurisdictions as they may respect such lands, and the States which passed such grants are adjusted, the said grants or either of them being at the same time claimed to have originated antecedent to such settlement of jurisdiction, shall on the petition of either party to the Congress of the United States, be finally determined as near as may be in the same manner as is before presecribed for deciding disputes respecting territorial jurisdiction between different States.” - excerpts from Articles of Confederation, Continental Congress, 1781

In Article VIII, which of these is given the power to tax?

• The federal Legislative branch, including Congress

• The federal Executive Branch, including the President

• The federal Judicial Branch, including the US Supreme Court

• State legislatures, elected by their state's voters

The Boston Massacre, 1770; The Battle of Lexington, 1775; Articles of Confederation ratified, 1781; Treaty of Paris signed, 1783. The dates and incidents listed are associated MOST closely with ____________________________.

• The Spanish American War

• Mercantilism

• The French and Indian War

• The American Revolution