Chapter 2 How and Why People Learn

Ideas that analyze the symbolic meaning behind behaviors are ____ theories.

• cognitive

• psychoanalytic

• sociocultural

• social cognitive

According to Erikson, children in their elementary school years must master important social and academic skills and resolve the conflict of ____.

• identity versus identity confusion

• initiative versus guilt

• industry versus inferiority

• generativity versus stagnation

According to Erikson, teens must resolve the conflict of ____.

• identity versus identity confusion

• initiative versus guilt

• industry versus inferiority

• generativity versus stagnation

Behaviors associated with emotional responses are termed ____ conditioning.

• classical

• operant

• observable

• stimulus

B.F. Skinner was well-known for identifying the basic principle of ____.

• moral development

• operant conditioning

• classical conditioning

• social cognitive theory

Researchers use ____ studies to obtain information that describes people and situations, such as their ages, attitudes, or behaviors.

• naturalistic

• cross-sectional

• longitudinal

• descriptive

Researchers use ____ studies to compare groups of various ages at the same time.

• naturalistic

• cross-sectional

• longitudinal

• descriptive

Researchers must follow ____ standards when conducting research experiments.

• ethical

• cross-sectional

• longitudinal

• strict

30. Sigmund Freud was a pioneer in developing ____________________________ theory.

• psychoanalytic

• behaviorist

• humanistic

• cognitive

31. The goal of the Human Genome Project was to sequence and map all 23 pairs of ____________________________ in the human genetic plan.

• chromosomes

• genes

• cells

• proteins