Humans have thousands of genes that combine in different ways to help create unique individuals. Where is the genetic code primarily located?

• Ribose sugars in RNA

• Phosphates in DNA

• Nucleotides in DNA

• Exons in RNA

Identify the components of DNA. Fill in the three blank boxes in the DNA diagram with the correct components.

• Phosphate, Deoxyribose sugar, Nitrogenous base

• Phosphate, Ribose sugar, Fatty acid

• Glucose, Deoxyribose sugar, Nitrogenous base

• Phosphate, Deoxyribose sugar, Amino acid

Albumin is a protein that is secreted by liver cells and transported to the bloodstream. What factor most directly determines the amino acids that are combined to create albumin?

• The temperature of the cell when translation is taking place

• The number of chromosomes in a cell

• The sequence of nucleotides in DNA

• The amount of energy that is available in the cell

The base sequence of a segment of DNA is shown. DNA Strand 1: 3' G C G T A C 5' DNA Strand 2: 5' ? ? ? ? ? ? 3' Which base sequence correctly completes DNA Strand 2?

• A. A T A C G T

• B. G C G T A C

• C. C G C A T G

• D. T A T G C A

A Texas horned lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum) and a Texas bluebonnet (Lupinus texensis) are shown. DNA Nucleotide Sequence in Two Organisms Texas Horned Lizard: TTA TGT GCG CCC ACG TGA CGA TCC GAT Texas Bluebonnet: GTA ATG CAG TGC CAC CGT GCT GAA TCA These two DNA sequences best provide evidence that—

• all organisms have an identical genetic sequence

• the nucleotides making up the genetic code are common to all organisms

• the Texas horned lizard eats the Texas bluebonnet

• mutations occur randomly in the genetic code

What components make up the backbone of a DNA molecule?

• Purines and deoxyribose

• Pyrimidines and purines

• Deoxyribose and phosphate groups

• Phosphate groups and pyrimidines

Which part of the DNA model is most directly associated with the coding of genetic information?

• (black circle)

• (pentagon and black circle chain)

• (pentagon)

• (paired rectangles)

Which statement best describes a similarity among trees, cats, and amoebas?

• They are prokaryotic organisms.

• They are classified as members of the same kingdom.

• They have genomes that consist of the same number of genes.

• They contain DNA composed of the same four types of nucleotides.

A segment of DNA is shown in the diagram. Which of these identifies the part of the DNA segment labeled X?

• Nucleotide

• Phosphate group

• Hydrogen bond

• Deoxyribose

In Texas Longhorn cattle, coat coloration is an inherited trait. What is the genetic basis of coat-color variation in Texas Longhorn cattle?

• Differences in the nucleotide sequences of genes

• Differences in the numbers of chromosomes in cells

• Differences in the diets of individual cattle

• Differences in the environmental conditions of different geographic areas