The French invasions of Italy influenced Machiavelli in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

D. He resigned his post as ambassador to France

A. He scolded the Italians for the disunity between the city-states

B. He hoped a strong ruler would emerge from the Medici family

C. He longed for the days of ancient Rome when citizens possessed virtu

Which of the following is FALSE about economics in the Renaissance?

Making money became less important than following the church.

Wealthy people engaged in philanthropy.

Sponsoring art became a way to display economic success.

Joining a guild and learning a trade could be a path to upward mobility

PETER: See? What I see is new to me, like nothing I ever saw before, and I might say monstrous. JULIUS: But if you're not stone-blind, you're bound to recognize this key, even if you aren't familiar with the golden oak tree. You can certainly see my triple crown, as well as my cloak all gleaming with gold and gems. PETER: That silver key of yours I do recognize, though there's only one of them, and it's very different from those that were given to me long ago by the one true shepherd of the church, that is, Christ. But that glorious crown of yours, how could I possibly recognize it? No tyrant ruling over barbarian peoples ever ventured to wear one like it, much less anyone who came here asking for admission. Your cloak doesn't impress me either; for I always used to consider gold and jewels as trash to be despised. But what does this amount to really? In all this stuff-the key, the crown, the cloak-I recognize marks of that rascally cheat and impostor who shared a name with me but not a faith, that scoundrel Simon whom I once flung down with the aid of Christ. SOURCE: Julius Excluded from Heaven, Erasmus, 1514. Like other Northern Humanists, Erasmus wanted to:

lead an armed revolt against the Catholic Church

centralize the city-states under national monarchs in opposition to the pope

put an end to all social hierarchy in line with the ideals of Christ

PETER: See? What I see is new to me, like nothing I ever saw before, and I might say monstrous. JULIUS: But if you're not stone-blind, you're bound to recognize this key, even if you aren't familiar with the golden oak tree. You can certainly see my triple crown, as well as my cloak all gleaming with gold and gems. PETER: That silver key of yours I do recognize, though there's only one of them, and it's very different from those that were given to me long ago by the one true shepherd of the church, that is, Christ. But that glorious crown of yours, how could I possibly recognize it? No tyrant ruling over barbarian peoples ever ventured to wear one like it, much less anyone who came here asking for admission. Your cloak doesn't impress me either; for I always used to consider gold and jewels as trash to be despised. But what does this amount to really? In all this stuff-the key, the crown, the cloak-I recognize marks of that rascally cheat and impostor who shared a name with me but not a faith, that scoundrel Simon whom I once flung down with the aid of Christ. SOURCE: Julius Excluded from Heaven, Erasmus, 1514. According to Erasmus, Pope Julius was "locked out of heaven" for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

C. He had illegitimate children

A. He was not upholding the ideals of Christ

B. He used the key of power and not knowledge

D. He was wearing gold and jewels unbefitting of a cleric

Which of the following describes a major difference between northern humanists and Italian humanists?

B. Both looked to Classical sources, but northern humanists also emphasized Christian sources.

A. Italian humanists focused on human intellect and achievements, whereas northern humanists concentrated on nature and emotion

C. Italian humanists viewed human nature as corrupt and weak, whereas northern humanists viewed human nature as generally good

D. Both concentrated on spiritual concerns, but northern humanists also focused on secular matters.

And yet why should I find fault with the unenlightenment of the common people, when those who call themselves learned afford so much more just and serious a ground for complaint? Besides many other ridiculous peculiarities, these people add to their gross ignorance and exaggerated and most disgusting pride. It is this that leads them to carp at the reputation of those whose most trivial sayings they were once proud to comprehend, in even the most fragmentary fashion. O inglorious age! that scorns antiquity, its mother, to whom it owes every noble art, that dares to declare itself not only equal but superior to the glorious past. I say nothing of the vulgar, the dregs of mankind, whose sayings and opinions may raise a laugh but hardly merit serious censure. I will say nothing of the military class and the leaders in war, who do not blush to assert that their time has beheld the culmination and perfection of military art, when there is no doubt that this art has degenerated and is utterly going to ruin in their hands. They have neither skill nor intelligence, but rely entirely upon indolence and chance. They go to war decked out as if for a wedding, bent on meat and drink and the gratification of their lust. They think much more of flight than they do of victory. Their skill lies not in striking the adversary, but in holding out the hand of submission; not in terrifying the enemy, but in pleasing the eyes of their mistresses. But even these false notions may be excused in view of the utter ignorance and want of instruction on the part of those who hold them. Letter from Petrarch to Boccaccio c. 1366 According to his letter to Boccaccio, Petrarch believes:

his contemporaries have much to learn from antiquity but think themselves superior to men of the past.

his contemporaries are actively attempting to learn lessons from antiquity but has thus far failed to replicate its glory.

his contemporaries are too focused on studying the art of war and do not spend enough energy cultivating their minds.

his contemporaries are superior because they have the spiritual guidance of religion to help shape their thoughts and actions.

And yet why should I find fault with the unenlightenment of the common people, when those who call themselves learned afford so much more just and serious a ground for complaint? Besides many other ridiculous peculiarities, these people add to their gross ignorance and exaggerated and most disgusting pride. It is this that leads them to carp at the reputation of those whose most trivial sayings they were once proud to comprehend, in even the most fragmentary fashion. O inglorious age! that scorns antiquity, its mother, to whom it owes every noble art, that dares to declare itself not only equal but superior to the glorious past. I say nothing of the vulgar, the dregs of mankind, whose sayings and opinions may raise a laugh but hardly merit serious censure. I will say nothing of the military class and the leaders in war, who do not blush to assert that their time has beheld the culmination and perfection of military art, when there is no doubt that this art has degenerated and is utterly going to ruin in their hands. They have neither skill nor intelligence, but rely entirely upon indolence and chance. They go to war decked out as if for a wedding, bent on meat and drink and the gratification of their lust. They think much more of flight than they do of victory. Their skill lies not in striking the adversary, but in holding out the hand of submission; not in terrifying the enemy, but in pleasing the eyes of their mistresses. But even these false notions may be excused in view of the utter ignorance and want of instruction on the part of those who hold them. Letter from Petrarch to Boccaccio c. 1366 Petrarch and other Italian humanists most consistently argued which of the following?

Though they lived much earlier, ancient philosophers and politicians provide an important example for people of the 14th century

Because they were not Christian, the ideas of Greek and Roman philosophers are less worthy of study than those of christian philosophers

To get a comprehensive understanding of a topic, one must always weigh both religious and secular sources

Secular philosophy is a worthier scholarly pursuit than theology

Scholastics differ from Humanists in that Scholastics…

Analyzed almost exclusively Christian sources

Relied more heavily on deductive reasoning

Were more likely to be sponsored by the government

I will proceed with the description of the queen's disposition and natural gifts of mind and body, wherein she either matched or exceeded all the princes of her time, as being of a great spirit yet tempered with moderation, in adversity never dejected, in prosperity rather joyful than proud; affable to her subjects, but always with due regard to the greatness of her estate, by reason whereof she was both loved and feared..... Latin, French, and Italian she could speak very elegantly, and she was able in all those languages to answer ambassadors on the sudden....Of the Greek tongue she was also not altogether ignorant. She took pleasure in reading of the best and wisest histories, and some part of Tacitus' Annals she herself turned into English for her private exercise... SOURCE 1: An unknown contemporary describes British Queen Elizabeth I, late 16c. According to Source 1, Queen Elizabeth I demonstrated that she had a well-rounded Renaissance education in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

D. She adopted ruling advice from Machiavelli

A. She studied sources from antiquity

B. She learned multiple languages

It is more than a monster in nature that a woman shall reign and have empire above man. To promote a woman to bear rule, above any realm, nation, or city, is repugnant to nature, contumely to God,...and, finally, it is the subversion of good order, of all equity and justice. When a woman roles, the blind lead the sighted, the sick the robust, the foolish, mad and frenetic the discreet and sober. For their sight in civil regiment is but blindness, their counsel foolishment, and judgment frenzy. Woman's attempt to rule is an act of treason: For that woman reineth above man, she hath obtained it by treason and conspiracy committed against God....[Men] must study to repress her inordinate pride and tyranny to the uttermost of their power. SOURCE 2: John Knox, Scottish author, First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women, 1558 According to Source 2, women were unfit to rule mostly on what grounds?

It is an offense to God for a woman to reign over men

Women are physically weaker than men so cannot effectively lead them

Women are too naturally too prideful to make decisions for the welfare of their realm

It has been proven through history that women lack the natural capacity for leadership

Upper class women during the Renaissance were able to participate in the Renaissance in all of the ways EXCEPT:

They were able to attend universities to earn a degree

They were patrons of the arts when their wealth allowed them to

They sometimes worked with their husbands or fathers

They could hire private tutors to expose them to a liberal arts education

During the Renaissance, the most important virtue for a woman was considered to be:

Eloquence and mastery of rhetoric

Which of the following accurately describes the trend shown in the chart above?

In less than 100 years after the invention of the printing press, the number of printed books surpassed the number of books copied by hand

Until the advent of the printing press, Europe saw a negligible amount of growth in book publishing due to government censorship

Hand-copied books never surpassed more than 1 million copies

Monasteries had a monopoly on book reproduction until the 16th century

The expanding market for reading materials during the 15th century resulted from all of the following EXCEPT:

The Catholic Church’s shift from Latin mass to vernacular mass

The development of primary schools

The opening of more universities

Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain were able to do all of the following EXCEPT:

secure their borders and subdue their realms.

Christianize the whole of Spain.

Support voyages of exploration.

As it was established in the New World, how did the encomienda system function?

The Spanish crown granted conquerors the right to employ or demand tribute from groups of Native Americans in exchange for providing food and shelter.

The Spanish crown gave the colonists groups of Native Americans as legal slaves in return for tax revenues and promises of obedience.

The Spanish crown adopted the Native Americans as “protected children” in return for promises of labor and tribute.

The Spanish crown placed the Native Americans under the protection of the Catholic missionaries as long as they learned and embraced the Catholic faith.

Europeans’ immunity to diseases can best be attributed to:

The exposure to disease caused by commercial interactions

Their more sophisticated scientific understanding of the role of germs in spread of disease

The Europeans’ development of vaccinations

What most accurately describes the Columbian Exchange?

The exchange of animals, plants, and diseases between the Old and New worlds.

The main location where trade of gold and silver bullion was conducted.

The exchange of ideas between the New World and the Old World

The bargain struck between Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand and Isabella

What motivations for exploration by Europeans are expressed in the following two quotes? Bartholomew Diaz: “To serve God and his Majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness, and to grow rich as all men desire to do.” Hernán Cortés: “I have come to win gold, not to plow the fields like a peasant.”

Accumulating wealth and converting indigenous populations to Christianity

Increasing scientific research and social development

Developing new alliances with indigenous populations and creating trade

Cooperating with new cultures in order to advance humanity

Some tried to escape, but the Spaniards murdered them at the gates while they laughed. Others climbed the walls, but they could not save themselves. Others entered the communal house, where they were safe for a while. Others lay down among the victims and pretended to be dead. But if they stood up again they [the Spaniards] would see them and kill them. The blood of the warriors ran like water as they ran, forming pools, which widened, as the smell of blood and entrails fouled the air. And the Spaniards walked everywhere, searching the communal houses to kill those who were hiding. They ran everywhere, they searched every place. When people outside the Sacred Patio learned of the massacre, shouting began, "Captains, Mexicanos, come here quickly! Come here with all arms, spears, and shields! Our captains have been murdered! Our warriors have been slain!" Then a roar was heard, screams, people wailed, as they beat their palms against their lips. Quickly the captains assembled, as if planned in advance, and carried their spears and shields. Then the battle began. The Aztecs attacked them with arrows and even javelins, including small javelins used for hunting birds. They furiously hurled their javelins at the Spaniards, and the cloud of missiles spread out over the Spaniards like a yellow cloak.” SOURCE: Toribio de Benavente, also known as “Motolinía,” Franciscan monk, Excerpt from Historia de los Indios de la Nueva España, 1555 This account of the conquest of the Aztecs most supports…

the claims of Bartolome de las Casas that the conquest of the New World was done inhumanely

the claims of Ferdinand and Isabella that New World conquest was justified

the claims of the Conquistadores that force was necessary to subdue a belligerent people

the claims of missionaries that the conquest of the New World was their Christian duty

Some tried to escape, but the Spaniards murdered them at the gates while they laughed. Others climbed the walls, but they could not save themselves. Others entered the communal house, where they were safe for a while. Others lay down among the victims and pretended to be dead. But if they stood up again they [the Spaniards] would see them and kill them. The blood of the warriors ran like water as they ran, forming pools, which widened, as the smell of blood and entrails fouled the air. And the Spaniards walked everywhere, searching the communal houses to kill those who were hiding. They ran everywhere, they searched every place. When people outside the Sacred Patio learned of the massacre, shouting began, "Captains, Mexicanos, come here quickly! Come here with all arms, spears, and shields! Our captains have been murdered! Our warriors have been slain!" Then a roar was heard, screams, people wailed, as they beat their palms against their lips. Quickly the captains assembled, as if planned in advance, and carried their spears and shields. Then the battle began. The Aztecs attacked them with arrows and even javelins, including small javelins used for hunting birds. They furiously hurled their javelins at the Spaniards, and the cloud of missiles spread out over the Spaniards like a yellow cloak.” SOURCE: Toribio de Benavente, also known as “Motolinía,” Franciscan monk, Excerpt from Historia de los Indios de la Nueva España, 1555 The author of this document most likely went to the New World for what purpose?

to seek gold and silver bullion

to convert natives to Catholicism

to escape religious persecution

Some tried to escape, but the Spaniards murdered them at the gates while they laughed. Others climbed the walls, but they could not save themselves. Others entered the communal house, where they were safe for a while. Others lay down among the victims and pretended to be dead. But if they stood up again they [the Spaniards] would see them and kill them. The blood of the warriors ran like water as they ran, forming pools, which widened, as the smell of blood and entrails fouled the air. And the Spaniards walked everywhere, searching the communal houses to kill those who were hiding. They ran everywhere, they searched every place. When people outside the Sacred Patio learned of the massacre, shouting began, "Captains, Mexicanos, come here quickly! Come here with all arms, spears, and shields! Our captains have been murdered! Our warriors have been slain!" Then a roar was heard, screams, people wailed, as they beat their palms against their lips. Quickly the captains assembled, as if planned in advance, and carried their spears and shields. Then the battle began. The Aztecs attacked them with arrows and even javelins, including small javelins used for hunting birds. They furiously hurled their javelins at the Spaniards, and the cloud of missiles spread out over the Spaniards like a yellow cloak.” SOURCE: Toribio de Benavente, also known as “Motolinía,” Franciscan monk, Excerpt from Historia de los Indios de la Nueva España, 1555 After conquering the territory described, the Spaniards increased their wealth in all the following ways EXCEPT:

they imported large numbers of African slaves to work on their haciendas

they imposed a repartimiento, labor tax, on the indigenous people

they imposed the encomienda forcing natives into servitude

Causes of this phenomenon included all the following EXCEPT:

D. Increased tax exemptions for nobles

A. Increased bullion being brought from the New World

C. A rise in demand for products

All the cities shown on this chart shared which of the following characteristics?

They were all major trading centers

They all were active in the slave trade

They all were free imperial cities

AP EURO UNIT 1 EXAM: RENAISSANCE & THE AGE OF EXPLORATION

Authored by Briana Bamber

History

10th Grade

Used 7+ times

AP EURO UNIT 1 EXAM: RENAISSANCE & THE AGE OF EXPLORATION

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

The School of Athens exhibits all of the following characteristics of Renaissance art EXCEPT:

A. Linear perspective

B. Chiaroscuro

C. Spiritual subject matter

D. Proportionality

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

This particular piece of art was commissioned by…

The pope

The Medici family

A merchant guild

Public fundraising efforts

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

The subject matter of this painting ties most to which of the following themes of the Renaissance?

The worth and dignity of man

Classicism and antiquity

Religious reform

Commercial growth

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Renaissance humanists were different from their medieval counterparts in that...

Renaissance humanists did not look to history for inspiration

Renaissance humanists had no interest in religion

Renaissance humanists exalted the dignity of man, while medieval humanists exalted the dignity of God

Renaissance humanists rejected Christianity in favor of paganism, while medieval humanists rejected paganism in favor of Christianity

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

Which of the following is most accurate?

Renaissance Europe was a feudal society with an agricultural economy and domination by the church whereas Medieval Europe was characterized by an urban economy based on organized commerce and capitalism.

Renaissance Europe was a feudal society with an agricultural economy and domination by the church whereas Medieval Europe was characterized by a growing national consciousness and political centralization.

Medieval Europe was a feudal society with an agricultural economy and domination by the church whereas Renaissance Europe was characterized by a growing national consciousness and political centralization.

Medieval and Renaissance Europe were both feudal societies that focused on an urban economy and organized commerce.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

The Renaissance was able to begin in Italy primarily because of...

Italy's culturally sophisticated monasteries

The dominance of the Catholic Church in Italy

Strong alliances between Italian city-states

Wealth created from Italy's extensive trade network

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

The French invasion of Italy was most directly caused by:

A. Tensions between the pope in Avignon & the Italian pope

B. Feuding between the Italian city-states

C. The economic rivalry between France and Italy

D. The increase influence of the Ottoman Empire

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