What is the main component of the mycobacterial cell wall that contributes to its unique characteristics?

• Peptidoglycan

• Lipopolysaccharide

• Mycolic acid

• Teichoic acid

Which of the following is a characteristic of mycobacterial growth?

• Slow growth

• Growth in acidic environments

• Growth in high temperatures

• Rapid growth

What is the primary method of transmission for leprosy?

• Person-to-person contact

• Insect bites

• Contaminated water

• Airborne droplets

Which test is used to identify individuals with previous exposure to M. tuberculosis?

• PCR test

• Tuberculin skin test

• ELISA test

• Western blot test

What is the role of endospores in Clostridium species?

• To increase virulence

• To allow survival in harsh conditions

• To facilitate rapid reproduction

• To enhance nutrient absorption

Which of the following is a form of leprosy characterized by loss of sensation in the skin?

• Lepromatous leprosy

• Tuberculoid leprosy

• Visceral leprosy

• Cutaneous leprosy

Why is treatment with common antimicrobials difficult for tuberculosis?

• The bacteria are resistant to all drugs

• The bacteria grow slowly and can live within macrophages

• The bacteria mutate rapidly

• The bacteria are not affected by antibiotics

Which vaccine is used for immunization against tuberculosis in countries where it is common?

• Polio vaccine

• Hepatitis B vaccine

• BCG vaccine

• MMR vaccine

What is the primary reason for the resistance of mycobacteria to Gram-staining?

• Presence of a thick peptidoglycan layer

• Presence of mycolic acid in the cell wall

• High lipid content in the cytoplasm

• Lack of a cell wall

Which of the following is a characteristic of Clostridium species?

• Non-endospore forming

• Aerobic

• Gram-negative

• Anaerobic